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Injection laryngoplasty with CaHA and MT with silicone appear to achieve comparable voice improvement within 1 year, but a definitive conclusion is limited by a lack of standardized outcome measures.

ECPM is beneficial as a primary treatment for cricopharyngeal dysfunction. Closure of the mucosal defect may help reduce the incidence of postoperative cervical emphysema and mediastinitis, and does not appear to compromise functional outcome.

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