the present work describes the in vitro synthesis and characterization of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zno NPs) using an enzyme alpha amylase, the synthesized nanoparticles were used to study their beneficial effect in the growth and development of Brassica juncea. transmission electron Microscope (teM) image reveals the average size of ZnO NPs was 11 nm and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) suggests nanoparticles were crystalline in nature. In-silico study confirmed lysine, glutamine and tyrosine present in alpha amylase enzyme, plays a crucial role in the reduction of Zinc acetate dihydrate to Zno NPs. The biochemical parameters and oxidative enzymes of Brassica juncea were compared with Zno NPs treated plants. The effect of ZnO NPs on the cellular expression of metal tolerant protein (BjMTP) and cation efflux transporter gene (BjCET2) was also studied. the results indicate that nanoparticles can be used as a replacement for traditional harmful chemical fertilizers.
Primary photochemical paths of alkyl phenyl selenides (1) were investigated, and an origin of large deviations in the chemical yields of products obtained by carbon radical reactions induced by photolysis of phenyl selenides was clarified. KrF excimer laser photolyses of n-pentyl phenyl selenide (1a) yielded 1-pentene (2a), n-pentane (3a), n-decane (4a), dipentyl selenide (5a), benzene (6), dipentyl diselenide (7a), and diphenyl diselenide (7) as major photoproducts, with compounds 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, and 7 formed by pentyl-Se bond cleavage, and 5a, 6, and 7a by Ph-Se bond cleavage. The selectivity of the photoproducts revealed the occurrence of an unexpected amount of Ph-Se bond cleavage (35% in n-hexane at 248 nm) during photolysis. Solvent viscosity, wavelength of light, and the structure of alkyl substituents were the major factors that controlled Ph-Se bond cleavage. The ratio of Ph-Se bond cleavage decreased with increasing solvent viscosity and laser wavelength. The effect of alkyl substituents on the ratio of bond cleavages, Ph-Se/total C-Se, was investigated for five alkyl phenyl selenides; the ratio decreased in the order pentyl > 2-methylallyl > allyl > 1-ethylpropyl > tert-butyl groups. The contribution of Ph-Se bond cleavage is most probably the origin of the large deviations in the yields of radical reactions induced by photolyses of 1, which can be minimized by selecting appropriate solvents and wavelength of light.
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