We present our single‐center experience of rotational atherectomy (RA) in the first 1,000 consecutive patients divided arbitrarily into three different time periods corresponding to significant changes in technique or equipment for RA. Period I (August 1994 to April 1995; 172 cases) is characterized by early experience, longer ablation, and frequent use of intra‐aortic balloon pump; period II (May 1995 to January 1996; 254 cases) is characterized by short ablation runs (20–30 sec) and use of rotaflush; period III (February 1996 to February 1997; 574 cases) is characterized by ReoPro use, neosynephrine boluses to avoid hypotension, and rota floppy wire and flexible shaft burrs. The procedural success rate has improved and complication rates have progressively declined over these three time periods. The incidence of lesion complexity (long and type C lesions) and patients with unstable rest angina have increased over these time periods of RA. Therefore, modification in procedural techniques and equipment over time have made RA a safe technique despite its use in very complex lesion subsets. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 46:305–311, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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INTRODUCTIONIndia is the second most populous country in the world with a population of more than 1.2 billion population explosion has been India's major problem since independence.1 It is a major obstacle to the overall progress of the nation. The explosive growth of human population combined with unsustainable production and consumption pattern, is putting increasing stress on air, water, land, energy and other essential resources.There are a number of factors that affect population growth in India. These include socioeconomic factors, religious and cultural factors, and geographical factors. Poverty and illiteracy leads to poor utilization of family ABSTRACT Background: Population explosion has been India's major problem since independence. It is a major obstacle to the overall progress of the nation. Adoption of family planning methods is one of the best solutions to tackle this problem. The present study was planned to determine the factors for non-acceptance of different contraceptive methods among married women of reproductive age group in rural areas of Patna. Methods: Study design: a community based cross sectional study. Study population: married women of reproductive age group (15-45 years). Study period: January 2012-July 2013. Study area: field practice area of PHC Sampatchak, Patna. Sample size: 705 using formula n =4p* q/d 2 . Study tool: pre tested semi-structured proforma. Collected data was analysed using latest version of SPSS. Results: 705 married women of reproductive age group were surveyed and it was found that out of 705 women only 230 (32.65%) were using contraceptive methods. Amongst the users 70.87% were using permanent method of contraception and that too female sterilization. Of the temporary method users (29.13%) 2.60% were using condom, 15.21% were using OCP (oral contraceptive pills) and 11.30% were using IUCD (Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device). Choice of contraceptive method was mostly OCP (71.4%) when duration of marriage was <5 years. Greater the duration of married life more was the acceptance of Tubectomy. The main reasons for non-acceptance of contraceptives method was desire for child (31.17%) followed by fear of side effects (21.05%). Want of male child and opposition by husband accounted for 8.45% &12% respectively. Conclusions: There is tremendous need to increase use of temporary contraceptives for spacing after one or two children. Male involvement in RCH care is essential. It is important to increase their participation as husbands often influence their wife's decision regarding reproductive health.

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Stent implantation has become the mainstay of percutaneous revascularization for most coronary lesions; in-stent restenosis (ISR) can occur in 6%-40% of stent procedures and the subsequent response to repeat intervention can possibly be predicted by the angiographic patterns of ISR. This study evaluated the incidence and predictors of angiographic patterns of ISR and its impact on subsequent target lesion revascularization (TLR) in 100 consecutive patients having Palmaz-Schatz ISR undergoing intervention. Diffuse ISR (H10 mm) was observed in 78% and focal ISR (G10 mm) in 22%. Diffuse vs. focal ISR occurred earlier after stent implantation and was more common in diabetics. Angiographic predictors of diffuse ISR were stent implantation for a restenotic lesion, long lesions, smaller vessel, stenting without debulking, and high-pressure balloon inflation (G16 atm). TLR after repeat intervention was 46% for diffuse and 14% for focal ISR (P F 0.02). Rotational atherectomy resulted in lower TLR (31%) vs. PTCA or restent (64%) in diffuse ISR (P F 0.004). Therefore, diffuse ISR is more common than focal ISR, usually occurs in the setting of aggressive intimal hyperplasia, and can be predicted by clinical and angiographic variables. Also, diffuse intimal hyperplasia within a stent responds poorly to PTCA and may benefit from a more aggressive debulking strategy such as rotational atherectomy.

Dengue Fever (DF), Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) are topmost public health concerns today, especially in tropical and subtropical countries, mainly involving urban and semi-urban areas. It is estimated that two fifth of the population in tropical countries, around 2.5 billion people are vulnerable. Approximately, 50 million dengue infections occur worldwide of which 500,000 people are hospitalized with DHF annually. Nearly 90 percent of them are children less than five years old, and about 2.5 percent die. Dengue epidemics are occurring at an increased frequency and one or more types of serotypes circulate. During these epidemics, infection rate among virus naïve patients ranges from 40-90 percent. In India, Dengue is hyperendemic (Category A) and is a notifiable infectious disease. Our hospital has been identified as a Sentinel Surveillance centre for diagnosis and treatment of Dengue in North West district of Delhi. Though gaps exist in terms of public health measures and health education among public, microbiological laboratory plays a crucial role in confirmation of dengue infection and estimation of burden of disease.

Low birth weight (LBW) is an important cause of perinatal, neonatal and post-natal morbidity and mortality. In developing countries, LBW of newborns is mainly due to the poor socio-economic and environmental conditions of the mother. The aim of the study was to identify and quantify the effects of age, religion, socio-economic status and occupation of mothers, in order to examine which factors were primarily responsible for LBW of babies. In this study, all singleton newborn having a weight of <2.5kg was included as a case and a weight of ≥2.5kg was included as a control. The relation of birth-weight to few maternal factors such as age, socio-economic status, religion and occupation were studied. A total of 120 cases and 240 controls were selected. After selection of each case as defined, the next available two newborns that had fulfilled the criteria for controls given above were selected and included in the control group. This ensured a case:control ratio of 1:2. Our Study showed that the greatest number of mothers having LBW newborns were in the age group of 21 to 25 years (50% and 45.1% in both the cases and control groups respectively), belonged to socio-economic group V (42.5% and 40% in both groups respectively) and were Hindus (96.7% and 89.6% in both groups respectively). It was found that 70% of LBW babies were born to mothers who belonged to the labor class by occupation. This study concluded with the findings that maternal factors like age, socio-economic status, religion and occupation of the mothers were related to LBW of the newborns. Avoiding teenage pregnancies, improving the socio-economic status (SES) of people and providing better working

BACKGROUND: Breast feeding is almost universal, but there are many barriers for proper breast feeding practices. Despite the well-recognized importance of exclusive breast feeding (EBF), this practice is not widespread in the developing countries like India. This is mainly due to lack of understanding and poor adherence of mothers to EBF practices for the first 6 months postpartum. Also, the knowledge and practices of early breast feeding are suboptimal among mothers. OBJECTIVE: To know knowledge, attitude and practices of nourishing rural mothers about breast feeding and their association with demographic variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional study, performed in M.