A rapid, specific, sensitive, and precise reverse-phase HPLC method for the quantitative determination of process related and degradation impurities of Apixaban, an anticoagulant drug is described. The developed RP-HPLC method was successfully applied to the analysis of both Apixaban drug substance and drug product. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Sigma-Aldrich's Ascentis Express ® C18 (4.6 mm × 100 mm, 2.7 µ) HPLC column with a runtime of 40 min. Mobile phase-A and mobile phase-B were phosphate buffer and acetonitrile respectively. The column oven temperature was set at 35˚C and photodiode array detector was set at 225 nm. Nine process related impurities (Imp-1 to Imp-9) have been detected in test sample of Apixaban by using newly developed RP-HPLC method. Forced degradation study was carried out under acidic, alkaline, oxidative, photolytic and thermal conditions to demonstrate the stability-indicating nature of the developed RP-HPLC method. The developed method was validated as per ICH guideline and found to be specific, precise, sensitive and robust.
Described is a simple, rapid, selective, and stability-indicating RP-LC method for the determination of process and degradation-related impurities of bosentan monohydrate. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Zorbax SB-Phenyl column thermostated at 35°C under gradient elution by a binary mixture of solvent A (60% phosphate buffer, pH 2.5, and 40% methanol) and solvent B (acetonitrile) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Forced degradation was carried out under acidic, alkaline, oxidative, photolytic, and thermal conditions. Significant degradation is observed in acid and alkali stress conditions. Process- and degradation-related impurities were characterized by mass spectrometry, 1H NMR, and FT-IR spectral data. Validation of the developed method was carried out as per ICH requirements. Regression analysis shows an “r” value (correlation coefficient) of greater than 0.999 for bosentan and five potential impurities. This method was capable to detect the five impurities at 0.01% of the test concentration of 1.0 mg mL-1.
A stability-indicating method has been developed and validated for the quantitative determination of memantine hydrochloride and its nonchromophoric impurities in drug substance and drug product using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The stability-indicating nature of the method has been proved by establishing peak purity and confirming the mass balance of all samples by subjecting them to stress conditions like hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and thermal degradation studies. The chromatographic separation was performed on a fused silica capillary (HP-5, 30 meter, 0.32 mm and 0.25 μm film thickness) column. The method validation results indicate that the method has acceptable specificity, accuracy, linearity, precision, robustness, and high sensitivity with detection limits and quantitation limits ranging from 0.001% to 0.01% and 0.004% to 0.03%, respectively. The effectiveness of the technique was demonstrated by analysis of different bulk sample of Memantine hydrochloride. The proposed GC-FID method was also found to be specific and selective for the analysis of commercial formulation samples.
A new, simple, rapid, and stability-indicating reversed phase liquid chromatographic (RP-LC) method for the determination of both assay and related substances in paliperidone has been developed and validated. During the forced degradation at hydrolysis, oxidative, photolytic, and thermal stressed conditions, the degradation was observed in the oxidative and acid stress conditions. Five process-related impurities (Imp-A to Imp-E) in test sample of paliperidone have been detected using newly developed RP-LC method. Among the five, Imp-C and Imp-D were found to be degrdants. Good resolution between the peaks corresponding to degradation and process-related impurities from the analyte was achieved on a Hypersil BDS C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column. The stress samples were assayed against a qualified reference standard, and the mass balance was found to be close to 99.0%. The method was validated as per ICH guideline and was found to be robust. The proposed RP-LC method was successfully applied to the analysis of commercial formulation and was found to be specific and selective.
Simple, sensitive and accurate stability indicating analytical method for dronedarone has been developed and validated using RP-HPLC technique. Developed method is used to evaluate the assay and related substances of dronedarone drug substance and tablets (Multaq ® ). The drug substance was subjected to the stress conditions such as hydrolysis (acid and base), oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) prescribed stress conditions to show the stability-indicating the nature of the method. Significant degradation was observed during acid and base hydrolysis, and peroxide degradation. The major degredants were identified by LC-MS, FTIR and 1 H NMR spectral analysis. The chromatographic conditions were optimized using an impurity-spiked solution and the samples generated from forced degradation studies. In the developed HPLC method, the resolution between dronedarone, process-related impurities, (namely Imp-1, Imp-2, Imp-3, Imp-4, Imp-5, Imp-6, Imp-7, Imp-8, Imp-9, Imp-10 and Imp-11) and degradation products were found to be greater than 1.5. The eleven potential process related impurities were separated on an Ascentis ® Express C18 column (4.6 × 10 cm i.d., particle size 2.7 µm) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL·min -1 . The LC method employed a linear gradient elution and the detection wavelength at 220 nm. The chromatographic behavior of all the impurities was examined under variable compositions of different solvents, temperatures and pH values.
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