Introduction/Objective. Vitamin D not only plays a role in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, but also has antiproliferative, prodifferentiation, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between vitamin D deficiency in individuals with autoimmune Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Methods. A total of 156 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups. First group included 108 patients with 25(OH) D insufficiency, and second included 48 individuals with normal 25 (OH) D levels. All participants underwent a detailed clinical examination, laboratory tests for thyroid function (T3, fT4, TSH, thyroid antibodies (TPO-Ab, and TG -Ab)), as well as ultrasound scanning (thyroid volume and Doppler characteristics). Results. The patients with vitamin D insufficiency (n = 108 (69.2%)) were predominantly female and had a higher BMI than the patients with normal vitamin D levels. The group with vitamin D insufficiency had statistically significantly higher TSH levels. The prevalence of positive thyroid antibodies was higher in the vitamin D insufficiency group, while thyroid volume, ATS, and ATI resistance index, as well as the prevalence of positive CD signals, were significantly higher in the vitamin D insufficiency group. 44 of the 156 subjects were diagnosed with thyroiditis (28.2%). The mean serum level of 25 (OH) D was statistically notably lower in patients with thyroiditis [20.23 ? 8.10 ng / mL)] than in the group without thyroiditis [(25.44 ? 8.38 ng/mL)], p < 0.001. Conclusion. There was an association between vitamin D insufficiency and hypothyroidism in subjects with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Introduction. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of orofacial pain in students and the impact of pain on their quality of life and everyday professional obligations. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study included 319 respondents of both genders. Two questionnaires were used in this study; one that we specifically designed to detect orofacial pain among students and the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance questionnaire. Results. Of the total number of examinees, 101 (32%) reported that they had previously experienced pain in the orofacial region. Using the logistic regression analysis, we found that gender was an important predictor of pain and that female students had a 1.8 times higher risk for developing pain (p < 0.05). The highest prevalence of pain in our subjects was in the temporal region (7%; confidence interval 4%; 9%) and the region around the eye (6%; confidence interval 4%; 9%). Namely, in 65 (64.4%) students who had pain in the orofacial region, it had an impact on the quality of life and daily activities. The most prominent was the impact of the orofacial pain on the performance of their activities at the faculty. Orofacial pain has a significant impact on the psychosocial sphere, emotional and social contacts (12.3%; 14.1%). The temporomandibular joint pain and the pain when opening the mouth showed the least impact on the quality of life (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Orofacial pain is a condition that affects daily activities of students at the faculty, as well as their emotional and social life.
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