Bilateral multilocular huge epididymal cysts are a rare entity with few reports in the literature. Epididymal cysts are mostly found in middle-aged men with or without symptoms. We present the case of a 45-year-old man with asymptomatic bilateral scrotal swelling, which was clinically diagnosed as a right epididymal cyst with left hydrocele. However, an ultrasound of the scrotum revealed bilateral epididymal cysts with normal testes. Intraoperatively, it demonstrated bilateral huge epididymal cysts for which the patient underwent excision of bilateral epididymal cysts. Postoperatively, the patient is doing well on follow-up. Thus, it is concluded that when the epididymal cyst is larger than 10 mm or 1 cm and does not involute with time, surgery is indicated. In comparison, epididymal cysts smaller than 10 mm or 1 cm are managed conservatively.
Aim: The aim of this study is to predict the response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) based on preoperative molecular subtyping of locally advanced breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The present single-blind, observational study was conducted at the tertiary health-care center of Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital from October 2018 to September 2020. This study comprised 46 patients suffering from breast cancer with TNM stage IIIA and IIIB. The patients received either NACT with cyclophosphamide/adriamycin/5-fluorouracil or paclitaxel, respectively, followed by the standard surgical procedure of modified radical mastectomy. Baseline ultrasound was followed by Trucut biopsy of the tumor which was done with 18-G Bard Trucut biopsy needle under local anesthesia in all aseptic conditions. The specimens were collected and preserved in formalin and were sent for the assessment of tumor histological examination, Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grade, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluation. Depending on the luminal status obtained by IHC preoperatively, further response to chemotherapy was assessed. Results: In the CAF group, patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu (HER2/neu)-enriched status had (91.40% ± 7.76%) tumor response followed by luminal B status (89.33% ± 5.77%), triple-negative status (87.34% ± 9.55%), and finally luminal A status with (84.87% ± 8.11%) a statistically nonsignificant relation. In the paclitaxel group, patients with triple-negative status had a tumor response of (96.59% ± 4.48%) followed by luminal B status (96.28% ± 3.27%), HER2/neu-enriched status (91.33% ± 6.85%), and finally luminal A status (82.40% ± 11.29%) with a statistically significant relation (P = 0.023). Conclusion: It can be concluded from the results that overall, HER2/neu-enriched and triple-negative status patients showed better tumor response to NACT in both groups.
Rainfall is one of the most important natural input resources to crop production and its occurrence and distribution is erratic, temporal and spatial variations in nature. Most of the hydrological events occurring as natural phenomena are observed only once. One of the important problem in hydrology deals with the interpreting past records of hydrological event in terms of future probabilities of occurrence. Rainfall analysis is a prerequisite for proper designing of any soil and water conservation structure. Daily rainfall data will be collected from Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Kolhapur for the year 2012-13. For this study Normal, Log-normal and Gumbel distributions of probability are used. From the analysis it was concluded that, Log-pearson type III distribution was found to be good for probability distribution of rainfall in the Kolhapur region.
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