Multilocus DNA fingerprinting and morphometry were compared to evaluate genetic diversity of tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse (Hemiptera: Miridae). Eighty-one female individuals representing 27 populations of H. theivora from tea plantations of different regions of Assam, India were collected and evaluated. Observation of 12 characters i.e. body length, antennae length, head width, stylet length, thorax width, forewing length, forewing width, hind wing length, hind wing width and length of foreleg, middle leg, hind leg revealed distinct pattern in different population of H. theivora. On the basis of morphological traits, six different types of population groups have been identified. Genetic analysis produced a total number of 262 bands, of which 221 (84.35 %) were polymorphic. The number of bands produced per primer varied from 2 to 17. The dendrogram derived from UPGMA cluster analysis indicates three clusters containing 24 populations at 63 % of similarity while three populations viz. H23, H19 and H14 excluded from the major cluster and come out as a discrete cluster. The cluster 1 includes populations from 9 different districts of Assam, cluster 2 again included 5 populations, cluster 3 constitute 3 populations and cluster 4 again consist of 3 populations. Both marker (morphological and molecular) systems indicated that genetic variability within populations examined was significantly high. Appropriate quality and quantity of chemical pesticides used in pest control programmes is a fundamental goal in the tea industry. It is supported by the knowledge of patterns of population connectivity and historical demography.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system is the best effective sustainable approach of protecting crops from the ravages of pests towards the goal of food sufficiency for the ever-increasing human population of the globe. IPM helps minimize reliance on chemical pesticides leading to elimination of several pesticide associated problems like environmental pollution, killing of non target organisms, residue problem, health hazards, development of resistant population of pest species, resurgence of pests, secondary pest outbreak and so on. Sustainability in crop production and protection can only be achieved by developing technologies that are based on locally available, easily acceptable and cost effective inputs. Therefore, development of new knowledge systems with emphasis on eco-friendly approaches and new IPM strategies are necessary to tackle the intensified pest-disease problems in the present time of climate change.The book contains twenty eight articles covering various aspects of crop protection. The topics cover fundamental as well as advanced and modern aspects of pest management. Here, an attempt has been taken to present some recent findings with review work in a manner considered suitable for the scientific community.We are thankful to the contributors for writing authoritative and informative articles for this volume. The opinions and text contained herein are those of the authors and we have tried to honour their ideas in the original shape. While dealing with such a voluminous work, errors are likely to occur despite best efforts. However, the onus of the technical contents rests with the contributors. This effort will definitely serve as an excellent reference material and also as a guide for research communities and students in the field of Agricultural science. We would very much appreciate receiving suggestions from readers so that shortcomings, if any, can be corrected in future editions.We are thankful to all the faculty members and especially to Dr. T.K. Maity, Principal, College of Agriculture, Tripura for their constant support and courage during this effort. We also highly appreciate the all-round co-operation and support of Sri Dipanjan Mukherjee, founder member of New Delhi Publishers for presenting and publishing this work with patience, care and interest.
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