Glioblastoma is a fatal brain tumor, and the standard treatment for this cancer is the surgical removal of the tumor followed by chemotherapy with temozolomide and radiotherapy. Because chemotherapy has many side effects, the use of compounds extracted from natural herbs, due to fewer side effects, can be a good alternative or supplement to chemical drugs in cancer treatment. In this study, curcumin (diferuloylmethane), known as the main active ingredient of turmeric, was used to evaluate its cytotoxicity on four human glioblastoma cell lines (U373, U251, D54, and T98G). Among these cell lines, U373 was temozolomide resistance, and T98G was photodynamic treatment resistance. These cell lines were treated with increasing concentrations of diferuloylmethane. Survival percentage was assessed by MTT assay and the trypan blue staining method was used to evaluate the rate of cell death and confirm the results of the MTT assay. The results showed that diferuloylmethane has a cytotoxic effect on U251, D54, and T98G cell lines. This effect was higher in high concentrations of diferuloylmethane on U251 and D54 than on U373. Therefore, according to the results of the current study and further studies, curcumin (diferuloylmethane) can be considered an effective complementary treatment in the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Background: Every day, health care worker are exposed to dangerous and deadly blood borne pathogens through contaminated needle sticks, sharps, or splash exposures. In hospitals, nurses are the first level of the staff whom contact with risk of infection in unsafe practices related to needles and sharps.
Objective: Assess of nurse knowledge regarding needle prick injuries and its risks in Erbil hospitals.
Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted in some hospitals of Erbil City. The Sample size for the study was 60 nurses. Purposive sample was selected and Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistic by SPSS version (19).
Results: It showed that the most of nurses had good knowledge regarding the needle prick injuries and its risks. Also there are no significance relationship between nurse's knowledge and their demographic data.
Conclusion: The researchers concluded that the nurse's knowledge regarding needle prick injuries generally were good.
Recommendation: conducting educational teaching programmed for nurses regarding needle prick injury to improve their knowledge about it to protect themselves of its risks.
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