Planning and assessment on the excavation of the brittle materials (soil or rock) can be done by using the machinery and/or explosives. The reliability assessment has been proposed to predict the failure of ground during excavation process. The stability planning on cutting soil (rock) face by machinery can be compared between the deterministic and the statistical method. The risk of using explosives for rock excavation has to concern on the damage and environmental impacts after blasting events
Mathematical models for two bench blasting techniques and the associated generalized equations are proposed. The proposed algorithms can select an optimum blast pattern for a quarry with one free face or two free faces. These blast models can also be used to optimize excavation costs.
Problem statement: Assessment of the ground mass excavation is normally done by the deterministic method. A quantitative indication of mass stability provides as an index term known "the Factor of Safety (F.S.)". There are uncertain to some degrees, such as only a single value of mass properties is used or variation in geologic conditions, computed values of F.S. are never absolutely precise. An alternative measurement of stability regarding use of index terms "Reliability (R) and probability of failure [p (f)]" is to cope with the uncertainty well. Concurrent processes of stability assessment are done using both the deterministic and reliability methods. Field data on the reliability approach assumed to be either normal function or lognormal function distribution. Conclusion/Recommendations: Three types of reliability model are proposed. Modeling types are based on the safety margin, the most likely value of F.S. and data simulation, respectively. These probabilistic values obtained from each model, are compared with the deterministic method. The risk on ground mass failures and environmental impacts due to excavation, be better defined and also achieved the optimized cost of construction excavation.
Potential sites of quarries were evaluated by numerical rating techniques. There are 3 groups of implied rating factors on the rock deposits in surveyed quarry sites: the resource characteristics, resource economics, and the optimal excavation. A final result for each potential site was recorded and compared. In case of ongoing quarries, the planning steps for bench blasting were also suggested. By using the written packed program, the output results can be automatically demonstrated. Further trial processes can be done and the optimized blast plan view is obtained.
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