In recent years, the use of smartphone applications for education is increasing. Although applications are being used for various educational aspects such as exams, the study of medical educational application is lacking. This study aims to investigate the effect of educational applications on medical education by analyzing the utility of and satisfaction with educational applications for histology courses in medical schools. The researcher employed an application called "BAND" that can be used to upload and share microscopic figures taken during histology lectures. A total of 82 first-grade students from Keimyung University Medical School who participated in this study expressed satisfaction with using "BAND". A total of 68 (83%) students were satisfied with learning histology through the application, and 72 (88%) students indicated that using the application was greatly helpful for the organizational practice test and expressed overall satisfaction with the application use. This benefit was because of easy contact (29.9%), searching ability (29.9%), and memory with humorous methods by friends (20.7%). And it application is most helpful during epithelium section (20.8%) and student want to use this application for anatomy (40.3%) or microbiology (38.8%) practices. The study results imply the need for further research so that the educational application can be used in various medical education fields in the future.

Background Superior vena cava (SVC) stenosis during follow-up is a major concern after heart transplantation, and many technical modifications have been introduced. We analyzed the surgical results of the SVC intima layer-only suture technique in heart transplantation. Methods We performed SVC anastomosis with sutures placed only in the intima during heart transplantation. We measured the area of the SVC at 3 different points (above the anastomosis, at the anastomosis, and below the anastomosis) in an axial view by freely drawing regions of interest, and then evaluated the degree of stenosis. Patients who underwent cardiac computed tomography (CT) at 2 years postoperatively between June 2017 and May 2020 were included in this study. Results We performed heart transplantation in 41 patients. Among them, 24 patients (16 males and 8 females) underwent follow-up cardiac CT at 2 years postoperatively. The mean age at operation was 49.4±4.9 years. The diagnoses at time of operation were dilated cardiomyopathy (n=12), ischemic heart disease (n=8), valvular heart disease (n=2), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n=1), and congenital heart disease (n=1). No cases of postoperative bleeding requiring intervention occurred. The mean CT follow-up duration was 1.9±0.7 years. At follow-up, the mean areas at the 3 key points were 2.7±0.8 cm 2 , 2.7±0.8 cm 2 , and 2.7±1.0 cm 2 (p=0.996). There were no SVC stenosis-related symptoms during follow-up. Conclusion The suture technique using only the SVC intimal layer is a safe and effective method for use in heart transplantation.