In recent years, the number of public office buildings which were built by the glass curtain wall increased rapidly, but through the results of the investigation of the government, these buildings have been found that the heating and cooling load is high, and showed low energy efficiency. So in this study, through energy simulation, the energy consumption of public office building was verified and measured; environment data and calculated data were compared to make more precise simulation. The heating and cooling load was calculated via EnergyPlus; building was modeled by Google SketchUp connected to EnergyPlus. The results of this study were as follows: in simulation, incident solar radiation from large curtain wall should be underestimated. And using site-measured outdoor environment data can increase accuracy of simulation result.
Buildings in high-income, industrialized cities are responsible for more than 50% of global energy consumption; consequently, many developed cities have legislated energy benchmarking and disclosure policies to understand their buildings’ energy-use dynamics better. By utilizing these benchmarking data and additional information taken from 3D models, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of large-scale office buildings located in New York and Chicago, with respect to their energy use intensity (EUI). To identify the primary factors affecting the EUI, Spearman’s correlation analysis and multiple variate regression tests were performed on office buildings over 500,000 ft2 (46,452 m2) gross floor area. The results showed the number of floors, construction year, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), and source-to-site ratio statistically significant, while morphological factors such as the relative compactness and surface-to-volume ratio showed limited relation to EUI. In New York City, the smallest EUI median was found in the buildings with 20 to 30 floors, and in Chicago, the buildings with 60 floors or more. A higher source-to-site ratio generally had lower overall EUI in both cities. Despite the high correlation, different kinds of dependency were found for window-to-wall ratio (WWR) and construction year between NYC and Chicago. These findings highlight the relative role that each building’s characteristics play concerning the EUI, depending on the particular building’s typology, scale, and the urban context.
The curtain wall is presently being adopted widely in high-rise buildings because of its several merits in many aspects. Curtain walls, however, also have problems, such as thermal efficiency and moisture condensation, especially in countries where there are four seasons like Korea, because of wide glazing windows and metal frames that have high thermal conductivity. Furthermore, insulation effi ciency is more important in high-rise buildings than in low-rise buildings when outdoor conditions worsen. There are two main objectives in this research; fi rst, to perform steady state conduction simulations for curtain wall materials in high-rise outdoor conditions, and second, to evaluate insulation efficiency and moisture condensation on curtain wall surfaces based on the results of the simulations.
This study aimed to analyze construction data of Korean public apartment and then characteristics of collaborative network between contractor and subcontractor. The analysis results regarding density and centrality turned out to be able to express characteristics of the whole network and positions within the network of individual performers by quantitative values. The network visualization turned out to have an advantage that helps realize characteristics of the network intuitively and positions of individual performers.
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