In recent years, the incidence of cardiovascular disease is high due to the aging population and westernization of dietary habits, what encourages researching new methods. Most cardiovascular procedures use the catheter. In the procedure using a catheter, a long time of training is required to lower the procedure risk. So, a medical training simulator is being developed. In the actual procedure, the position of the catheter is confirmed by a C-arm using X-ray, but there is a risk of over exposure to radiation if the X-ray device is used until training. To solve this problem, in previous studies, the position of the catheter was tracked using a permanent magnet. However, the method of permanent magnet has a high error value due to the shape of the external magnetic flux density and the interference of environmental magnetic field. In this paper, an alternating magnetic field generator is proposed for 3D position tracking of medical equipment for training. An electromagnet with an optimal shape was designed through finite element analysis. The designed electromagnet is implemented and tested to confirm the performance. Through the location tracking experiment, an equation to estimate the distance between the electromagnet and the Hall sensor in 3D space was derived by linear regression recursive method. Through the derived equation, it was possible to track the position of the electromagnet at any position in the 3D space. Unlike previous studies using permanent magnets, the proposed alternating magnetic field generator has an isotropic shape with an external magnetic flux density according to the same distance. So, it is possible to reduce errors in position and distance, and minimize the effect of environmental magnetic fields by using an alternating magnetic field.
BACKGOROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular disorders are increasing because of poor eating habits, excessive drinking, and lack of exercise. Some of the typical cardiovascular surgical procedures utilize catheters. Catheter-based procedures require the surgeons to have extensive experience and high proficiency at performing vascular interventions. However, the learning period to acquire such proficiency is lengthy and the opportunities for practical training and mastery are insufficient. Therefore, due to insufficient skill, dangerous situations with damage or rupture of the patient’s blood vessels may occur, thereby increasing the risk of medical accidents. Hence, it is necessary to have experience and proficiency for performing vascular interventions. Thus, it is necessary to develop a simulator to shorten learning time and reduce medical accidents. METHODS: In this study, we developed a position detection system for the simulator to use physical models to learn cardiovascular surgical intervention techniques. The developed system uses changes in the output values of a Hall sensor based on the position of a permanent magnet. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: From the changing output values, the distance calculation equation is derived, and the position of the permanent magnet is effectively estimated from the calculations. The performance of the position detecting system was tested, and the results proved that the system could be sufficiently used as a simulator.
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