Objective: Compared with standard, whole-gland (WG) therapies for prostate cancer, focal approaches may provide equivalent oncologic outcomes with fewer adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to compare organ-at-risk (OAR) dosimetry between hemigland (HG) and WG stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) plans. Methods: Volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy-based SBRT plans were designed to treat the left HG, right HG and WG in eight patients, using five fractions of 8 Gy. OARs of interest included the contralateral HG, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, penile bulb and contralateral neurovascular bundle. Results: Rectal V 80% (the percentage of a normal structure receiving a dose of 80%) and V 90% were significantly lower with HG plans than with WG plans (median values of 4.4 vs 2.5 cm 3 and 2.1 vs 1.1 cm 3 , respectively, p , 0.05 by Student's t-test). Bladder V 50% was also reduced significantly in HG plans (32.3 vs 17.4 cm 3 , p , 0.05), with a trend towards reduction of V 100% (3.4 vs 1.3 cm 3
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