Choroidal metastasis from colorectal cancer is very rare and has not been reported before in Korea. We report a case of eye hyperemia and discomfort in a patient with advanced colon cancer. Orbit magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography revealed an enhancing mass within the temporal side of the left orbit, suggestive of choroidal metastasis from the colorectal adenocarcinoma. The condition's rarity may be due to the long and distant pathway from the colon to the orbit. The presentation usually suggests extensive hematogeneous cancer dissemination and a poor prognosis. However, palliative radiotherapy may be an effective treatment for choroidal metastasis. (Korean J Med 2015;89:723-727) Keywords: Colorectal neoplasms; Choroid; Neoplasm metastasis; Radiotherapy 서 론 결장직장암은 전 세계에서뿐만 아니라 한국에서도 세 번 째로 발생률이 높은 암으로 최근 발생률이 지속적으로 증가 하고 있다. 결장직장암은 간, 폐, 뼈, 뇌로 흔히 전이되지만 맥락막으로 전이되는 경우는 매우 드물어 전 세계적으로 14 증례가 보고된 바 있고[1,2], 한국에서는 아직 문헌상 보고된 증례는 없다. 결장직장암의 맥락막전이가 드문 이유에 대해 서는 명확하게 밝혀진 바는 없으나 전이되기 위해 거쳐야 할 경로가 길고 해부학적 장벽이 많은 것이 원인일 것으로 추 정된다[3]. 우리는 결장직장암이 맥락막으로 전이되어 증상 을 일으킨 매우 드문 경우를 경험했기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 증 례 환 자: 51세 여자 주 소: 안구충혈 및 이물감 현병력: 내원 27개월 전에 직장구불결장 이행부에 발생한 대장암을 진단받았고, 진단 시에 병기는 TNM staging에 따

Background/Aims: Renal aging-related changes are characterized by oxidative stress. SIRT1 regulates cellular conditions by activating Nrf2. The present study investigated the processes of renal changes by antioxidant enzymes and the relationship between SIRT1 and Nrf2. Methods: We used male 2-, 12-, and 24-month-old C57BL/6 mice. We measured renal function, histological changes, oxidative stress, and expression of SIRT1-Nrf2 signaling in the kidneys. Results: 24-month-old mice exhibited increased albuminuria and serum creatinine. Creatinine clearance was decreased in 24-month-old mice compared with 12-month-old mice. There were increases in mesangial volume and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in 24-month-old mice. Moreover, oxidative stress marker, 3-Nitrotyrosine, expression and apoptosis were increased in 24-month-old mice. The 24 h urinary 8-isoprostane and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine excretion increased with aging. The levels of expression of SIRT1 and nuclear Nrf2 were decreased in 24-month-old mice. The antioxidant enzymes HO-1 and NQO-1 were down-regulated in 24-month-old mice. Another antioxidant enzyme, SOD2, was decreased in 24-month-old mice. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that SIRT1 was down-regulated with aging, and this may be related to changes in the expression of target molecules including Nrf2. As a result, oxidative stress was induced. The pharmacological targeting of these signaling molecules may reduce the pathological changes associated with aging in the kidney.

Background/Aims: Noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) is substernal, squeezing chest pain, unrelated to the cardiac problem. Our study aimed to define the prevalence and clinical characteristics of reflux esophagitis in NCCP patients in Korea. Materials and Methods: We reviewed medical records of patients who visited Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital due to chest pain and had normal coronary arteriography and who had received endoscopy within 6 months. Patients diagnosed with peptic ulcer or gastric cancer were excluded. The patients were classified into two groups according to their endoscopic results; the reflux esophagitis group and the control group. Results: Two hundred seventeen NCCP patients were enrolled and 96 patients (44.2%) were diagnosed with reflux esophagitis: 68 patients (31.3%) with minimal change esophagitis; 26 patients (12.0%) with Los Angeles (LA) grade A; 2 patients (0.9%) with LA grade B. There were no patients with severe erosive reflux disease. There were no significantly different characteristics in the reflux esophagitis group and the control group. Conclusions: The prevalence of reflux esophagitis in NCCP patients in Korea was 44.2%. Most patients had mild reflux esophagitis.