Abstract. The high incidence of dyslipidemia is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Indonesia, therefore optimal treatment is needed, but pharmacological therapy has many side effects. Hesperidin herbal treatment with minimal side effects can be considered as complementary therapy. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of hesperidin on lipid levels of dyslipidemic rats. This study uses a scoping review method using four databases (Springerlink, Sciencedirect, Pubmed, Proquest) with articles from 2011 – 2021 which with certain keywords obtained 680 articles, then after screening using PICOS four articles were obtained. There are four articles that meet the eligible criteria according to the critical appraisal instrument Arrive 2.0. The research design of the article is entirely true experimental with a population of dyslipidemic rats given hesperidin. The results of all articles showed a decrease in lipid levels (decrease in TC, TG, C-LDL, and increased C-HDL) significantly (p < 0.05). The processes involved in improving the lipid profile in this study were the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, ACAT, and regulation of mRNA, C-FABP, and H-FABP that play a role in fat metabolism. Thus, hesperidin can reduce lipid levels in dyslipidemic rats, but this study is qualitative, furthermore it is recommended for further researchers to conduct studies using quantitative methods (meta analysis). Abstrak. Tingginya angka kejadiaan dislipidemia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko dari penyakit kardiovaskular di Indonesia, maka penanganan optimal sangat dibutuhkan, namun terapi farmakologis memiliki banyak efek samping. Pengobatan herbal hesperidin yang minim efek samping dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai terapi komplementer. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efek hesperidin pada kadar lipid tikus dislipidemia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode scoping review menggunakan empat database (Springerlink, Sciencedirect, Pubmed, Proquest) dengan artikel dari tahun 2011 – 2021 yang dengan kata kunci tertentu didapat 680 artikel, kemudian setelah dilakukan screening menggunakan PICOS didapatkan empat artikel. Artikel yang sesuai kriteria eligible menurut instrumen critical appraisal Arrive 2.0 berjumlah empat artikel. Desain penelitian artikel seluruhnya adalah true experimental dengan populasi tikus dislipidemia yang diberi hesperidin. Hasil dari semua artikel menunjukan penurunan pada kadar lipid (menurunnya K-total, TG, K-LDL, dan meningkatnya K-HDL) secara signifikan (p < 0,05). Proses yang terlibat dalam perbaikan profil lipid pada penelitian ini adalah inhibisi HMG-KoA reduktase, ACAT, dan regulasi mRNA, C-FABP, dan H-FABP yang berperan dalam metabolisme lemak. Maka, hesperidin dapat menurunkan kadar lipid tikus dislipidemia, namun penelitian ini masih bersifat kualitatif dan disarankan untuk peneliti selanjutnya untuk melakukan kajian dengan metode kuantitatif (meta analysis).
Kerusakan ginjal atau renal injury didefinisikan sebagai penurunan fungsi ginjal yang meliputi cedera (kerusakan struktural) dan gangguan (hilangnya fungsi) ginjal. Salah satu bentuk antioksidan yang digunakan sebagai pengobatan kerusakan ginjal adalah sediaan black garlic yang merupakan bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) yang telah difermentasi dan memiliki banyak antioksidan poten. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh black garlic/aged garlic terhadap kerusakan ginjal pada hewan coba model renal injury. Metode pada penelitian ini adalah Scoping Review. Pencarian sistematis dari beberapa database, yaitu SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, EBSCO dan Google Scholar. Artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi sebanyak 2.259 dan yang memenuhi kriteria ekslusi berdasar atas kriteria PICOS yang dilakukan oleh 2 peneliti, didapatkan hasil 14 artikel. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama periode Maret–Desember 2020 Hasil analisis serta identifikasi dari 14 artikel, keseluruhan artikel menunjukkan pengaruh positif black garlic/aged garlic pada ginjal hewan coba. Dari 14 artikel, ditemukan perbaikan mikrostruktur ginjal, fungsi ginjal meningkat, peningkatan kadar antioksidan pada ginjal, penurunan marker stres oksidatif serta penurunan mediator inflamasi. Kesimpulan analisis pada penelitian ini adalah black garlic/aged garlic memiliki sifat nefroprotektif yang melindungi ginjal dari kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh stres oksidatif. Nephroprotective Effects of Black Garlic/Aged Garlic on Animal Model of Renal Injury: a Scoping ReviewKidney damage or renal injury is defined as decreased function of the kidneys, which includes both injury (structural damage) and impairment (loss of function) of the kidneys. One form of antioxidant that is used to treat kidney damage is black garlic, which isgarlic (Allium sativum L.fermented) and has many potent antioxidants. This study aims to analyze the effect of black garlic/aged garlic on kidney damage in animal models of renal injury. The method in this research is the Scoping Review. Systematic search of several databases, namely SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, EBSCO and Google Scholar. There were 2,259 articles that matched the inclusion criteria and those that met the exclusion criteria based on the PICOS criteria conducted by 2 researchers, the results were 14 articles. This research was conducted during the period March–December 2020. The results of the analysis and identification of 14 articles, all of them showed the positive effect of black garlic/aged garlic on the kidneys of experimental animals. From 14 articles, it was found that there was an improvement in renal microstructure, increased renal function, an increase in antioxidant levels in the kidney, a decrease in markers oxidative stressand a decrease in inflammatory mediators. The conclusion from the analysis in this study is that black garlic/aged garlic has nephroprotective properties that protect the kidneys from damage caused by oxidative stress.
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