BackgroundReduction of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in white matter is not always ischaemic in nature.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed our MRI records featuring reduced ADC values in the centrum semiovale without grey matter involvement or significant vasogenic oedema.ResultsSeveral conditions showed the aforementioned MR findings: moose-horn lesions on coronal images in X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; small fronto-parietal lesions in Menkes disease; marked signal abnormalities in the myelinised regions in the acute neonatal form of maple syrup urine disease; strip-like involvement of the corpus callosum in glutaric aciduria type 1; persistent periventricular parieto-occipital abnormalities in phenylketonuria; diffuse signal abnormalities with necrotic evolution in global cerebral anoxia or after heroin vapour inhalation; almost completely reversible symmetric fronto-parietal lesions in methotrexate neurotoxicity; chain-like lesions in watershed ischaemia; splenium involvement that normalises in reversible splenial lesions or leads to gliosis in diffuse axonal injury.ConclusionNeuroradiologists must be familiar with these features, thereby preventing misdiagnosis and inappropriate management.
Prevalence of symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) metastases among patients with breast cancer ranges from 5% to 16%, although autoptic studies have reported prevalence rates of up to 30%. Solid brain tumours are the most common presentation in the CNS (85-95%), and they tend to arise at the grey-white matter junction with a distribution that is proportional to the regional cerebral blood flow. Descriptions of solitary intra-ventricular metastasis are very rare; to date no cases from breast cancer have been reported in the literature. We present the unusual case of a breast cancer patient who developed a solitary choroid plexus metastasis in the left lateral ventricle.
Noncerebrovascular conditions may present with both acute onset and false CT signs of early ischemic stroke. Although rare, GC needs to be considered among the possible "stroke mimics" to avoid inappropriate thrombolytic therapy.
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primitive brain tumor in adults. Temozolomide (TMZ) administered daily with radiation therapy, followed by adjuvant TMZ has become the standard treatment. Although TMZ treatment has been considered to have a low toxicity profile, studies have noted the development of a severe myelosuppression, especially during the concomitant treatment; this toxicity may in some cases be prolonged and consequently treatment must be definitively discontinued. We analyzed two cases treated at our oncological center who developed severe and prolonged hematological toxicity during concomitant chemoradiotherapy treatment with TMZ. Hypothesizing that radiation therapy and daily TMZ could be the major causes of severe hematological toxicity during the concomitant phase, we decided to treat both patients with maintenance TMZ at the time of recovery of hematological values. Patients showed good tolerability without important myelosuppression. In conclusion, we suggest that glioblastoma patients with severe myelotoxicity during daily TMZ and radiation therapy be treated with maintenance TMZ at the time of blood value recovery.
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