Limnothrix (strain AC0243) is a cyanobacterium, which has only recently been identified as toxin producing. Under laboratory conditions, Bufo marinus larvae were exposed to 100,000 cells mL−1 of Limnothrix (strain AC0243) live cultures for seven days. Histological examinations were conducted post mortem and revealed damage to the notochord, eyes, brain, liver, kidney, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and heart. The histopathological results highlight the toxicological impact of this strain, particularly during developmental stages. Toxicological similarities to β-N-Methylamino-l-alanine are discussed.
Abstract. Over at least the last decade in Australia a condition known as buffel grass dieback has been a major concern to graziers who utilise this grass in improved pastures due to its fodder value for cattle. This is the first full description of the dieback condition of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.), including morphological and histological symptoms. The cause of this condition still remains unknown.
While paramedics in Australia respond to many call-outs daily, little is known of the risks of infectious disease transmission that may arise from contamination of vehicles, equipment, personnel and/or patients. We examine what is currently known of the current risks in Australia posed by contamination of emergency service vehicles by antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms.
The efficacy of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was evaluated for the inhibition of mycelial growth of Phytophthora cinnamomi in vitro. Phytophthora cinnamomi infects many crops globally causing root, collar and crown rot, resulting in significant economic losses for producers. Two 30% (w/v) H2O2 products, each stabilised with a different concentration of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) (3% versus 0.003% w/v) were compared to determine the most efficacious H2O2 concentration as well as potential interactive effects of the stabilising compound. Inhibition of P. cinnamomi growth was evaluated by amending potato dextrose agar media (PDA) with a range of concentrations of the test solutions. The biocidal activity of H2O2 was enhanced by a higher concentration of HEDP. Concentrations from 6.25 mL/L of the H2O2 product with 3% HEDP provided 100% inhibition of mycelial growth in vitro. Neither the product with 0.003% HEDP, nor HEDP stabiliser without H2O2, achieved comparable inhibition. Our results highlight an opportunity to expand the use of stabilised H2O2 products developed for cleaning of drip irrigation emitters to include the control of Phytophthora spp. and potentially other waterborne plant pathogens.
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