This review article seeks to discuss the sustainability accounting concept by examining previously conducted studies on this topic in order to understand its thematic progress in the academic literature. This study is a metasynthesis, where, in the identification phase, 334 documents published in the Web of Science (WoS) database are selected, and in the literature review stages, 15 re-reviews are selected according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. The results reveal that businesses, academia, and regulatory bodies do not recognize a homogeneous terminology when it comes to sustainability accounting. There is a variety of synonyms that complicate the disclosure of activities carried out by companies in the pursuit of the sustainability development goals (SDGs), with SDGs 5, 6, 13, 14, and 15 being analyzed in the academic literature in relation to the sustainability accounting concept. For future research directions, the review articles analyzed suggest examining the concrete effects produced by practices related to sustainability performance in companies, linking the relevance of understanding the sustainability reports related to the sustainability performance of companies.
The importance of physical activity (PA) in people’s health is well known. Today, sedentary lifestyles constitute a serious risk to global health. The likelihood that an individual will engage in PA depends largely on the perceived benefits and barriers to being physically active. The industry continues to create mechanisms to improve PA practice by minimizing the barriers. Thus, whole-body electrostimulation training (WB-EMS) emerged. Objective: To identify the main barriers and perceived benefits for WB-EMS users and to determine if there are differences between genders. Design: Cross-sectional study with 270 WB-EMS users from five countries. Results: There were no significant differences in barriers and perceived benefits between genders. Perceived benefits: enjoyment (70.3%), increased physical fitness (55.1%), personal accomplishment (53%), improve overall body (51.9%) and increase muscle strength (51.9%); Barriers: Take too much time from family (73.7%), take too much time from responsibilities (71.5%) and physical exercise (PE) takes a lot of time (67.4%). Conclusions: There were no significant differences between genders. The most prominent perceived benefits of using WB-EMS are enjoyment and increased physical health, and the main barriers are related to lack of time.
El fraude es un engaño del que una parte logra un beneficio y otra una pérdida. Para combatirlo, cada una de las sociedades a través de su ordenamiento jurídico, establecen normas orientadas al control y seguimiento del mismo. Este estudio tiene como propósito analizar las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF) como herramienta contra el fraude. Estos estándares ofrecen una oportunidad para mejorar la función financiera de las entidades, obteniendo mayor transparencia en sus revelaciones. El estudio se desarrolló analizando el caso de fraude realizado por Empresas La Polar S.A., expuesto en el año 2011. Para ello se revisaron documentos oficiales emitidos por la Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros, hoy Comisión del Mercado Financiero, y los Informes de Auditoria y Estados Financieros Consolidados de Empresas La Polar S.A., en los periodos 2005 a 2016. En relación con los resultados obtenidos se destaca la comparación de los días de cuentas por cobrar de Empresas La Polar S.A. en relación con Falabella S.A., ambas empresas de la industria del retail, donde se evidencia una diferencia significativa entre los días promedio de cobrar. En Empresas La Polar S.A. se observa un incremento en las cuentas por cobrar entre el año 2007 y 2008, cuando en la industria disminuyen. En conclusión, la investigación demostró que Empresas La Polar S.A., una vez cumplido con el proceso de transición a NIIF, les correspondió presentar y revelar información financiera que bajo los Principios de Contabilidad Generalmente Aceptados (PCGA) no era obligatorio revelar.
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