Resumen Este artículo se propone, desde una perspectiva cualitativa, describir y analizar los tiempos durante el proceso de aborto en mujeres residentes en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, en base a cinco entrevistas en profundidad. Encontramos, en primer lugar, que el tiempo de gestación funciona como un cronómetro, que avanza de modo tan apremiante como la voluntad de interrumpirlo. En segundo lugar, identificamos el aborto como un proceso atravesado por los siguientes intervalos: 1) noticia del embarazo; 2) toma de la decisión de abortar; 3) búsqueda de información y establecimiento de vínculos; 4) obtención de la medicación; 5) toma de la medicación; y 6) expulsión y verificación del aborto. Las entrevistas dan cuenta de un escenario contradictorio, en el que la clandestinidad y la imposibilidad de nombrar el aborto en el entorno social se superponen con estrategias de resolución, individuales y colectivas.
Abortion stigma is experienced not only by women but also by providers and health professionals in a wide range of legal contexts. This paper analyses interviews with providers who work in the public health system in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. A court ruling in 2012, FAL/12, changed the interpretation of abortion's legal status, clarifying the decriminalisation of abortion in cases of rape, and also requiring public policies and procedures to speed up access to legal abortion. Between 2014 and 2017, we conducted 27 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with abortion providers in public facilities across healthcare services in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. We found the way that health providers dealt with abortion stigma evolved over the course of time, as the abortion debate moved from the margins to the heart of political debate and public policies in Argentina between 2007 and 2017. Providers' experiences changed as the social and legal context changed. FAL/12as a clear, legal rulingwas a landmark and turning point in the way health professionals in public health facilities conduct their activities, making it possible for them to move from providing silent and hidden abortion care, to acknowledging it with pride.
En el presente artículo, se analizan las transformaciones políticas y normativas que antecedieron a la ley 27610, que despenalizó y legalizó el aborto a partir de diciembre de 2020. El análisis se centra en las transformaciones que se dieron en tres ámbitos: en primer lugar, la normas jurídicas, cuyas transformaciones fueron producto de la judicialización de casos de aborto no punible; en segundo lugar, las decisiones políticas, que si bien podría remitir a una variedad de cuestiones, en este trabajo, el foco está puesto en la procedimentalización de las excepciones a la penalización del aborto contempladas en el Código Penal de 1921 – en la versión previa a las modificaciones que implica la ley 27610–; y las prácticas burocráticas, que remiten a las acciones de los/las profesionales de la salud encaminadas a garantizar el acceso al aborto. Estas transformaciones, que fueron producto de la incidencia de los feminismos en el Estado, constituyen los antecedentes necesarios en el proceso de legalización del aborto que arriba en diciembre de 2020 a la Ley 27610.
Introduction:
Little is known about how people who obtain abortion services perceive quality and what aspects of interpersonal care matter to them. This qualitative study aimed to understand preferences among people seeking abortions at a reproductive health clinic and an accompaniment model of self-managed abortion in Argentina.
Study Design:
We conducted 24 in-depth interviews with people who obtained abortion care in Neuquén and Buenos Aires, Argentina. We iteratively coded transcripts using a thematic analysis approach based on interpersonal domains present in current quality of care frameworks.
Results
Participants described high-quality abortion care as feeling acompañamiento and contención from their providers – terms that imply receiving kind, caring, compassionate and emotionally supportive care throughout their abortions. They described four key elements of interpersonal interactions: attentive communication from providers and accompaniers, clear and understandable information provision, non-judgmental support, and individualized options for pain management.
Conclusions
People obtaining abortions in two distinct models of care in Argentina consistently identified receiving compassionate and supportive care throughout an abortion as a key aspect of care. The findings have implications for incorporating client perspectives in the development of care guidelines, training of providers, and monitoring and improving of services. This is particularly important as the government of Argentina prepares to expand legal access to abortion.
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