A Bowden cable performance analysis, based on a Design of Experiments (DoE) is presented for orthosis applications. The need for analysing these cables is based on the construction of IKO (IKerlan's Orthosis) with five actuated degrees of freedom (DoF) to help the human arm. The aim is for an individual to be capable of lifting weight without any great effort using this exoskeleton, which should be portable and readily dressed (and, therefore, lightweight). In order to transmit the power from the actuators to the joints, Bowden cables are used due to their flexibility and light weight. Transmission performance has been analysed in terms of load loss and cable deformation in order to estimate actuator requirements and positioning accuracy. A test bench has been built to measure the cable deformation and load loss occurring between the two ends of the cable in different situations. This has been applied to cables with two different diameters and at different loads. The variables for which the effect has been analysed are weight, the angle formed by the cable at the point where it leaves the sheath, the cable flexion angle, cable length, cable flexion curvature radius and cable type.
A pioneering analysis of smart meter events aimed to enhance low-voltage (LV) network operation by the detection of voltage deviations, repetitive incidents or even outage prevention is presented. The main challenge of using smart meters events is the vast amount of data collected: the average of events gathered in an area per day is around 40% higher than the number of smart meters installed. To transform this huge quantity of information in network improvements, a set of strategies have been undertaken. The core purpose of this analysis is to establish a more rational and automated processing of smart meter events, aimed to embrace them as key information for network operation.
This paper examines the impact of industrial productivity on transnationals M&As from OECD countries towards Latin American countries in the period 1996 to 2010. It also analyzes the relationship between external mechanism of corporate governance and 2 transnational M&As. For this purpose we use a gravitational model at the industry level. We find that industry productivity and higher standards of corporate governance in the country of origin promote transnational M&As activity. However, it is also found that higher levels of capital and technological productivity decreases transnational M&As activity.
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