A case of primary pure carcinoid tumor of the testis which occurred in a 71-year-old male is reported. The patient was treated by radical orchiectomy and remains well and symptom free 10 months after operation. Histologically as well as ultrastructurally the tumor showed typical appearances of carcinoid tumor of midgut derivation. 23 cases of carcinoid tumors of the testis were discovered in the literature. Of these 17 were primary testicular carcinoids, and 6 were metastatic to the testis. Of the 17 cases of primary carcinoid tumors, 14 were pure carcinoids and only 3 were associated with teratoma. None of the primary testicular carcinoids were associated with metastases and the prognosis after orchiectomy was excellent, thus indicating that no further therapy is necessary. The prognosis of patients with carcinoid metastatic to the testis is poor. In view of this it is very important to determine whether the tumor is primary or metastatic.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate DNA damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis, and karyorrhexis) in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from individuals following digital lateral radiography. A total of 30 healthy patients (15 men and 15 women) indicated to the orthodontic therapy were submitted to digital lateral X-ray. Exfoliated oral mucosa cells were collected immediately before the X-ray exposure and after 10 days. The results pointed out no significant statistically differences (p > 0.05) of micronucleated oral mucosa cells. On the other hand, X-ray was able to increase other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity such as karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis. In summary, these data indicate that exposure to digital lateral radiography may not be a factor that induced chromosomal damage, but it is able to promote cytotoxicity.
The use of additional material between the bone graft and the receptor bed when using the onlay technique must be carefully considered, taking into account the size of the reconstruction and the cost/benefit relation. The addition of PRP in between autogenous bone blocks and the receptor bed did not confer significant benefit for the new bone formation and healing on the calvaria of bone of rabbits.
The aim of this study was to investigate oxidative DNA damage during 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups of 10 animals each and treated with 50 ppm 4NQO solution through their drinking water for 4, 12, and 20 weeks. Ten animals were used as negative control. The alkaline Comet assay modified with lesion-specific enzymes was used to detect single and double strand breaks, labile sites (SBs), and oxidised purines and pyrimidines. Although no histopathological abnormalities were induced in the epithelium after 4 weeks of carcinogen exposure, oxidative DNA damage was detected in the 'normal' oral epithelium. In pre-neoplastic lesions and squamous cell carcinomas induced after 12 and 20 weeks following carcinogen exposure, respectively, oxidative DNA damage was also increased (P < 0.05) when compared to negative control. In conclusion, our results suggest that oxidative DNA damage is an early event during multistep carcinogenesis assay induced by 4NQO. This kind of approach should be considered to persons with high risk of oral cancer, such as in smokers or alcohol consumers.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including morphogenesis, wound healing, angiogenesis, inflammation, and cancer. The purpose of this study was to characterize the role of MMPs as depicted by the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 during 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis. Male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups of 10 animals each and treated with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide solution at 50 ppm through their drinking water for 4, 12, and 20 weeks. Ten animals were used as control group. No histopathological abnormalities were induced in the epithelium after 4 weeks of carcinogen exposure; however, immunoexpression of MMP-2 was noticed. The same picture occurred to MMP-9, in which positive expression was detected for this immunomarker. MMP-2 and MMP-9 showed positive expression either in pre-neoplastic lesions at 12 weeks following carcinogen exposure or in well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma induced after 20 weeks of treatment with 4NQO. Taken together, our results support the belief that MMP-2 and MMP-9 play important role during malignant transformation and conversion of oral mucosa as assessed by immunohistochemistry.
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