ABSTRACTobjective: To translate, perform cultural adaptation and validation of the scale Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU) for the Portuguese language. Methods: We used the descriptive validation method of measurment instruments, based on the steps proposed by Guillemin et al. The reliability analysis was performed by means of the test -retest method and internal consistency. In the clinical validation, 163 parents of newborns hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were included. results: The intraclass correlation coeffi cients were around 0.70, showing good stability between the two assessments. Factor analysis by principal components method used the same criteria as the original scale, with Varimax rotation, with an appropriate degree of variance of 57.9%. The highest stress levels of parents were obtained in the subscale, "changing role of parents." Conclusion: The PSS: NICU in the Portuguese version is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating the stress of parents with children hospitalized in the NICU. A análise da confi abilidade foi realizada por meio dos testes e retestes e da consistência interna. Na validação clínica, participaram 163 pais de recém-nascidos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). resultados: Os coefi cientes de correlação intraclasse fi caram em torno de 0,70 mostrando boa estabilidade entre as duas avaliações. A análise fatorial pelo método de componentes principais utilizou os mesmos critérios da escala original, com rotação Varimax, com grau de variância adequado de 57,9%. Os maiores níveis de estresse dos pais foram obtidos na subescala "alteração do papel de pais". Conclusão: A PSS:NICU na versão em português é uma ferramenta válida e confi ável para avaliação do estresse de pais com fi lho internado na UTIN. descritores: Estresse psicológico; Pais; Enfermagem neonatal; Unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal; Estudos de validação; Questionários; Linguagem RESUMEN objetivo: Traducir, realizar la adaptación cultural y validar la escala Parental Stress Scale:Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS:NICU) al idioma portugués. Métodos: Se utilizó el método descriptivo de validación de instrumentos de medida, basado en las etapas propuestas por Guillemin et al. El análisis de la confi abilidad fue realizado por medio de los tests y retests y de la consistencia interna. En la validación clínica, participaron 163 padres de recién nacidos internados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal (UCIN). resultados: Los coefi cientes de correlación intraclase quedaron alrededor de 0,70 mostrando buena estabilidad entre las dos evaluaciones El análisis factorial por el método de componentes principales utilizó los mismos criterios de la escala original, con rotación Varimax, con grado de varianza adecuado de 57,9%. Los mayores niveles de estrés de los padres fueron obtenidos en la subescala "alteración del papel de padres". Conclusión: La PSS:NICU en la versión en portugués es una herramienta válida y confi able para la evaluación d...
Filamentous fungi produce a great variety of enzymes, and research on their biotechnological potential has recently intensified. The objective of this work was to identify, at the species level, using DNA barcoding, 46 fungal isolates obtained from maize grains with rot symptoms. We also analyzed the production of extracellular amylases, cellulases, proteases and lipases of 33 of those fungal isolates. The enzymatic activities were evaluated by the formation of a clear halo or a white precipitate around the colonies in defined substrate media. The found fungi belong to the genera Talaromyces, Stenocarpella, Penicillium, Phlebiopsis, Cladosporium, Hyphopichia, Epicoccum, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Irpex, Fusarium, Microdochium, Mucor and Sarocladium. In the genus Fusarium, the species Fusarium verticillioides was predominant and this genus presented the highest diversity, followed by the genera Aspergillus. The best genera for lipase production were Cladosporium and Penicillium; while Cladosporium, Aspergillus and Penicillium were best for cellulase activity; Hyphopichia, Aspergillus and Irpex for amylase activity; and Cladosporium and Sarocladium for proteases activity. In conclusion, a collection of fungi from maize seeds presenting rotten symptoms were obtained, among which exist important producers of hydrolases.
Nursing care in neonatal units should focus on interventions for parents and other family members in addition to providing the necessary care of newborns.
RESUMO. Com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes fontes protéicas de origem vegetal para a tilápia do Nilo durante a fase de reversão sexual, foram utilizadas 360 larvas distribuídas em 24 aquários (12 litros cada) em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. Foram comparadas quatro fontes protéicas de origem vegetal, sendo o farelo de soja (FS), farelo de canola (FC), farelo de girassol (FG) e farelo de algodão (FA). A uniformidade do lote, o fator de condição e a sobrevivência não foram afetadas pelos diferentes tratamentos. O FA levou aos piores resultados no peso e no comprimento final. A matéria seca da carcaça dos peixes alimentados com FG apresentou-se superior a do FS (p<0,05). A percentagem de proteína bruta da carcaça foi mais alta nos tratamentos FC e FS, sendo que a menor percentagem foi observada no FG. Conclui-se que os farelos de soja, canola e girassol podem ser utilizados como fontes protéicas de origem vegetal sem prejudicar o desempenho das larvas de tilápia do Nilo. Palavras-chave: alimentação, fase inicial, fontes protéicas, Oreochromis niloticus, reversão sexual, tilápia do Nilo. ABSTRACT. Different protein vegetal sources for the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) during sexual reversion. Three hundred and sixty Nile tilapia larvae were distributed in 24 12L-aquaria to evaluate different protein vegetal sources. Design was totally randomised with four treatments and six repetitions. Four protein vegetal sources were compared: soy meal (SM), canola meal (CM), sunflower meal (FG) and cotton meal (TM). Uniformity of lots, condition factor and survival were not affected by the different treatments. TM had the worst results in weight and final length. Carcass dry matter of fish fed on FM was superior to SM (p<0.05). Percentage of crude protein of carcass was highest in treatments CM and SM; the lowest percentage belonged to FM. SM, CM and FM may be used as protein vegetal sources without any impairment in the performance of Nile tilapia larvae.
RESUMO.Com o objetivo de verificar o desenvolvimento, sobrevivência e canibalismo entre larvas de pintado, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Pimelodidae) confinadas sob diferentes densidades de estocagem em condições de laboratório, foi desenvolvido um experimento no Laboratório de Aqüicultura da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, perfazendo um período de 72 horas, onde foram utilizadas 500 larvas com 96 horas de vida e peso inicial de 2,2 ± 0,3mg. Estas foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições, em recipientes de 700mL, cujas densidades variaram de 14, 28, 42 e 56 larvas/L. As variáveis analisadas foram mortalidade natural, mortalidade por predação intra-específica e peso final. Ao final, verificou-se que o aumento da densidade afetou de forma negativa o desenvolvimento e provocou um aumento linear nas taxas de mortalidade e canibalismo entre os animais. Concluiu-se que, à medida que se aumenta a concentração de larvas de pintado, ocorre redução não apenas no desempenho, mas também na taxa de sobrevivência.Palavras-chave: comportamento, larvicultura, predação intra-específica, sobrevivência.ABSTRACT. Cannibalism among larvae of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans bred under different stockage densities. The development, survival and cannibalism among larvae of the pintado, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Pimelodidae) are verified. Larvae were confined at different stockage densities in lab conditions. The experiment was developed at the Aquaculture Lab of the State University of Maringá, during 72 hours, with 500 larvae aged 96 hours, initial weight 2.2 ± 0.3mg. Larvae were distributed in an entirely randomized design with four treatments and five repetitions, in 700mL-containers, at densities varied 14, 28, 42 and 56 larvae per L. Natural mortality, mortality by intraspecies predation and final weight were the variables analyzed. After finished, density increase affected negatively the larvae's development. It also caused a linear increase in mortality rates and in cannibalism among the animals. Increase in concentration of pintado larvae was proportional to decrease in performance and in survival rate.
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