Portuguese law and ethical pillars that form the basis of the Code of Ethics of nurses in Portugal defend the freedom of conscience as a professional practice. However, the obligation to protect human life, which imposes the need for coordination between this protection and the exercise of the right to conscientious objection on the part of the nurse, is also clear.
Na atribuição de um estatuto ao embrião surgem díspares visões, podendo levar à tomada de posições diametralmente opostas em questões como abortamento, procriação medicamente assistida, diagnóstico genético pré-natal, uso de células estaminais e clonagem. Ocorrendo o desenvolvimento do ser humano num processo gradual, estas questões colocam dilemas éticos, que na sua essência têm a mesma origem, ou seja, o estatuto que se atribui ao embrião.Abordaremos, assim, esta temática através de diversas fontes, com diferentes perspetivas (biológica, ética e legal), tendo como foco de análise o estatuto atribuído ao embrião humano. Este estudo analisa alguns autores da bioética, sobretudo os de inspiração humanística e personalista, complementando-se esta perspetiva com a análise de alguns pareceres do Conselho Nacional de Ética para as Ciências da Vida, de acordo com os valores da José de Mello Saúde.Na dimensão jurídica, analisam-se os principais normativos relacionados com a vida intrauterina, assim como alguns autores desta área. Pretendemos desta forma contribuir para o aprofundamento da reflexão ética no domínio do início da vida, nomeadamente as questões éticas e jurídicas relacionadas com o estatuto do embrião humano.
Introduction The act of caring in nursing requires previous deliberation and decision, however this perception only arises when an ethical problem emerges. Objective: Identify ethical problems of nurses action in the area of beginning of human life Method: Exploratory and descriptive method, with a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, who were submitted to content analysis. The sample was constituted by 26 nurses. Results 18 categories of problem areas and 56 ethical problems in early human life were identified. The results obtained are very diverse, including areas such as termination of pregnancy, informed consent or maintaining privacy. However, other problem areas also emerge and numerous new subcategories/ethical problems, including: dealing with miscarriage, extreme situations, minors’ pregnancy, serious malformations detected at birth, consent regarding care during childbirth, Non- identification of a ethical problem, nurse social recognition and non-involvement of the person in labour. Conclusion Nurses face different ethical problems that impact their lives. We intend to contribute in helping to make decisions in this field, which the outset is of hope and joy, but which hides, behind this evidence, countless situations of suffering for everyone involved. The identification of ethical problems in this field, it is the first step to reflect about theme and helping decision-making for nurses that are taking care in this area of beginning of human life, when confronted whit the same type of ethical problems.
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