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Early spreading in the Nordic Region Guidelines to reduce infections 3. Socio-economic conditions, spatial segregation, and Covid-19 Socio-economic factors and Covid-19 Spatial segregation and Covid-19 Spatial segregation and spreading among foreign-born in Oslo, Helsinki, and Copenhagen 4. Socio-spatial factors and Covid-19 guidelines: Learnings from two Swedish districts The case study areas 'Keep a distance from other people' 'Stay home if you have symptoms' 'Work from home if you can' 'Limit contact with persons aged 70 years and above' 'Avoid public transport' Further considerations: Access to information Further considerations: Digital exclusion 5. Discussion and conclusions References Interview list PrefaceMany already existing divides and inequalities in our Nordic societies have surfaced during the Covid-19 pandemic. While anyone is at risk of being infected, the pandemic is hitting communities along socio-economic lines where some disadvantaged neighbourhoods have been particularly exposed. The intention of this report is to contribute to the debate on social equality and the effects of inequality and segregation in Nordic cities, with a focus on neighbourhoods with a high share of residents with a foreign background.We are grateful for all the local informants who have generously shared their knowledge and experiences to shed light on the situation in the case study areas in Stockholm -Järva and Malmö -Rosengård. Hopefully this work will be a piece in the puzzle to better understand the effects of structural barriers on residents in deprived neighbourhoods in general, and in times of crisis in particular. These barriers have made it difficult or even impossible for many residents to follow public recommendations during the Covid-19 pandemic.This study is part of the Nordic Cooperation Programme for Integration of Immigrants, initiated in 2016, in which Nordic Welfare Centre and Nordregio cooperate. We would like to thank the

is a leading Nordic and European research centre for regional development and planning, established by the Nordic Council of Ministers in 1997. We conduct solution-oriented and applied research, addressing current issues from both a research perspective and the viewpoint of policymakers and practitioners. Operating at the international, national, regional and local levels, Nordregio's research covers a wide geographic scope, with an emphasis on the Nordic and Baltic Sea Regions, Europe and the Arctic. The Nordic cooperation Nordic cooperation is one of the world's most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland. Nordic cooperation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an important role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe. Nordic cooperation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. Common Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world's most innovative and competitive. The Nordic Council of Ministers is a forum of cooperation between the Nordic governments. The Nordic Council of Ministers implements Nordic cooperation. The prime ministers have the overall responsibility. Its activities are coordinated by the Nordic ministers for cooperation , the Nordic Committee for cooperation and portfolio ministers. Founded in 1971. The Nordic Council is a forum for cooperation between the Nordic parliaments and governments. The Council consists of 87 parliamentarians from the Nordic countries. The Nordic Council takes policy initiative s and monitors Nordic cooperation. Founded in 1952.

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