The ability of a variety of natural water samples from southern California to complex cupric ion was measured by using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and a technique employing algal bioassay. Samples investigated ranged from oceanic waters to a freshwater lake which drained into a coastal lagoon. According to ASV results, complexation capacity ranged from undetectable to 0.93 pM Cu2+/L. The difference between ECjo values obtained from bioassays using a 0.45-pm filtered and ultrafiltered ( G O O M,) water was used to measure the reduction in free cupric ion by high-molecular-weight compounds. Cupric ion EC50 values differed by up to 2.3 pM between filtered and ultrafiltered samples. The correlation between results using the titration method and the bioassay technique was 0.993. Quantitative differences between chemical measures of complexation and biological effect indicated the importance of verifying the accuracy of chemical techniques used to measure complexation capacity. Results of the survey suggested that coastal lagoons provide a useful test site for study of the dynamics of complexing compounds in the marine environment.
This condition associated with musculoskeletal or extraskeletal disorders, currently known as the hypermobility type of EhlersDanlos syndrome (EDS-HT), is considered a disease and is under diagnosed. Other disorders and possible comorbidities are considered in the differential diagnosis or as associated diseases. Objective: This is a bibliographic update on the Joint hypermobility and the hypermobility type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, as well as its associated comorbidities and learning disabilities. We also highlight the importance to identify the special needs in the context of inclusion in the educational system, the use of the body in formal education, and the combination of therapeutic and body techniques as inclusion strategies. Material and Methods: We performed a narrative review of the literature with the intention of identifying, in national and international journals, knowledge built on the thematics of hypermobility type of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome in BIREME, LILACS database, PubMed, MEDLINE and SciELO electronic library. The keywords used to search the publications were: Joint Hypermobility, Pain, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, hypermobility type of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome type III, Comorbidity, Inclusion. Were included articles published from 2009 to 2014, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. In the data analysis was used descriptive statistics and the material was organized to identify the objectives of the study in the literature. Results: Fourteen relevant studies on Joint hypermobility and the hypermobility type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Most of
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