Introduction: Vitamin B12 deficiency is quite prevalent in all age groups and all regions of the country, however, there is a need for standardization of clinical management recommendations. Objective: It was to achieve a consensus on the diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency. Methods: An integrative review of the scientific literature was carried out in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases and on governmental and regulatory websites. Results: According to the literary search carried out by the authors of this study, 84 scientific works were selected. Based on these findings, in the timeline from 1999 to 2022, randomized controlled clinical studies represented the majority, and prospective and retrospective studies with significant sample sizes were elucidated in this consensus on the vitamin B12 administration for all patient populations. The basis of this scientific evidence was determined by appropriate clinical trials, with additional endpoints including patient clinical symptoms and biochemical parameters in addition to serum and marginal B12 level. Conclusions: Based on the scientific literature, the recommendations of the Brazilian Association of Nutrology for diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency were presented.
Terapia nutricional em pacientes com câncer do aparelho digestivoNutritional therapy in patients with cancer in the digestive system RESUMO O estado nutricional é um determinante crítico do sucesso do tratamento e qualidade de vida dos pacientes com câncer. As terapias contra o câncer, incluindo cirurgia, quimioterapia e radioterapia estão associadas à desnutrição, além do que, as drogas utilizadas no tratamento para combater o câncer muitas vezes resultam em vômitos, mucosite, diarréia e disfagia. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal compreender o efeito das intervenções nutricionais em pacientes com câncer no trato digestivo, analisando diversos estudos. Para a realização deste estudo foi utilizado o método de revisão da bibliografia, pesquisando-se artigos científicos das bases de dados PubMed, Bireme e Google acadêmico. Os resultados mostraram que a caquexia neoplásica é uma manifestação clínica muito comum em pacientes com câncer no trato gastrointestinal. A terapia nutricional precoce proporciona resultados benéficos em termos de minimizar a perda de peso, reduzir a deterioração do estado nutricional e da função física. Sempre que possível a primeira escolha deve ser a via oral. Porém, pacientes desnutridos ou que não conseguem ingerir a oferta calórica e proteica calculada por via oral, podem ser candidatos à nutrição enteral (NE) ou nutrição parenteral (NP). Estudos recentes têm sugerido a associação das terapias enteral e parenteral na redução das complicações pós-operatórias e na diminuição da permanência hospitalar. Palavras-chave:Enteral. Parenteral. Terapia Nutricional. Câncer. Sistema digestivo. ABSTRACTNutritional status in patients with cancer is a critical determinant of treatment success and life quality. Therapeutic approaches in cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, are associated with malnutrition, and drugs used to treat cancer often result in vomiting, mucositis, diarrhea, and dysphagia. The main objective of this research is to understand the effect of nutritional interventions in GI cancer patients, analyzing several studies. For the accomplishment of this study we performed a systematic review of the literature, searching for scientific articles of the following databases PubMed, Bireme and Google academic. Results showed that neoplastic cachexia is a very common clinical manifestation in patients with GI cancer. Early nutritional therapy provides beneficial results in terms of minimizing weight
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