Situated dialogic corpora are invaluable resources for understanding the complex
relationship between language, perception, and action as they are based on naturalistic
dialogue situations in which the interactants are given shared goals to be accomplished
in the real world. In such situations, verbal interactions are intertwined with actions,
and shared goals can only be achieved via dynamic negotiation processes based on common
ground constructed from discourse history as well as the interactants' knowledge about
the status of actions. In this paper, we propose four major dimensions of collaborative
tasks that affect the negotiation processes among interactants, and, hence, the
structure of the dialogue. Based on a review of available dialogue corpora and
annotation manuals, we show that existing annotation schemes so far do not adequately
account for the complex dialogue processes in situated task-based scenarios. We
illustrate the effects of specific features of a scenario using annotated samples of
dialogue taken from the literature as well as our own corpora, and end with a brief
discussion of the challenges ahead.
Understanding the individual-level characteristics associated with conspiracy theory beliefs is vital to addressing and combatting those beliefs. While researchers have identified numerous psychological and political characteristics associated with conspiracy theory beliefs, the generalizability of those findings is uncertain because they are typically drawn from studies of only a few conspiracy theories. Here, we employ a national survey of 2021 U.S. adults that asks about 15 psychological and political characteristics as well as beliefs in 39 different conspiracy theories. Across 585 relationships examined within both bivariate (correlations) and multivariate (regression) frameworks, we find that psychological traits (e.g., dark triad) and non-partisan/ideological political worldviews (e.g., populism, support for violence) are most strongly related to individual conspiracy theory beliefs, regardless of the belief under consideration, while other previously identified correlates (e.g., partisanship, ideological extremity) are inconsistently related. We also find that the correlates of specific conspiracy theory beliefs mirror those of conspiracy thinking (the predisposition), indicating that this predisposition operates like an ‘average’ of individual conspiracy theory beliefs. Overall, our findings detail the psychological and political traits of the individuals most drawn to conspiracy theories and have important implications for scholars and practitioners seeking to prevent or reduce the impact of conspiracy theories.
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