Research evidence across a number of disciplines and fields has shown that women can encounter both social and financial backlash when they behave assertively, for example, by asking for resources at the bargaining table. But this backlash appears to be most evident when a gender stereotype that prescribes communal, nurturing behavior by women is activated. In situations in which this female stereotype is suppressed, backlash against assertive female behavior is attenuated. We review several contexts in which stereotypic expectations of females are more dormant or where assertive behavior by females can be seen as normative. We conclude with prescriptions from this research that suggest how women might attenuate backlash at the bargaining table and with ideas about how to teach these issues of gender and backlash to student populations in order to make students, both male and female, more aware of their own inclination to backlash and how to rectify such inequities from both sides of the bargaining table.
An increasing number of U.S.‐based conflict resolution providers and educators are now also working outside the country, carrying with them, in some sense, the mantle of “conflict resolution expert.” But it is possible that some well‐meaning people—though genuine experts in a given area—may inadvertently cause harm to persons and parties for whose culture, language, or circumstances these professionals' U.S. experience has left them inadequately prepared. This article describes how a group of professionals with substantial experience working outside the United States analyzed the dangers; it also makes suggestions for the “innocent abroad”.
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