Introduction:Bone cement implantation syndrome is an important cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality (0.6-1%) in patients undergoing cemented hip arthroplasty. Clinical features include cardiac, neurologic and respiratory impairments that may lead to cardiac arrest. It has been proposed that the effect of systemically absorbed methyl methacrylate and release of endogenous mediators can be the main process which leads to multiorgan dysfunction. Case Report: We describe a case of bone cement implantation syndrome developed in a hip arthroplasty with a catastrophic outcome, resulting in the death of the patient in 24h. Conclusion: The review of clinical cases of bone cement implantation syndrome is essential in clinical practice given that early recognition and management of this syndrome may improve the overall prognosis.
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