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Public health prevention efforts could benefit from emphasizing predisaster risk communication and tailoring interventions for racial, ethnic, and linguistic minorities. These findings highlight the need for surveillance and CO-related information as components of disaster preparedness, response, and prevention.

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This publication is part of the National Academy of Medicine's Vital Directions for Health and Health Care Initiative, which called on more than 150 leading researchers, scientists, and policy makers from across the United States to assess and provide expert guidance on 19 priority issues for U.S. health policy. The views presented in this publication and others in the series are those of the authors and do not represent formal consensus positions of the NAM, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, or the authors' organizations. Learn more: nam.edu/VitalDirections.

Overall IPC mean coverage effectiveness was 61.2% (95% CI 60.8-61.6), a value below satisfactory range limits. Results broken down by sex and age showed higher mean coverage effectiveness for adult working men than adult working women (p < 0.0001). Promotion of reproductive health was the IPC process with the lowest mean coverage effectiveness (51.8%; 95% CI 50.8-52.7), followed by the disease detection process (59.0%; 95% CI 58.4-59.6) and the disease prevention and control process (61.0%; 95% CI 60.5-61.5). Maintaining the health of the workforce poses a significant challenge for health services. Therefore, analysis of coverage effectiveness represents a useful tool for evaluating and reorganizing preventive medicine care at worksites.