Peptidase therapy is suggested to be effective to minimize gliadin toxicity in celiac disease (CD). Hence, present study deals with gliadin-hydrolysing peptidases. The efficient peptidase from the Bacillus tequilensis was purified using ammonium sulfate fractionation and preparative electrophoresis. Analysis of in-solution and in-gel hydrolysis of gliadin using one and two-dimensional SDS-PAGE revealed nearly complete hydrolysis of gliadin peptides after 180 min of incubation with B. tequilensis protease. Purified peptidase was found to be stable at acidic (pH 3.5) to neutral (pH 7.2) pH range. The molecular mass and isoelectric point of the peptidase were observed around 29 kDa and 5.2, respectively. The internal protein sequence obtained through mass spectrometric analysis suggested that peptidase might belong to peptidase S9 family known for prolyl-specific peptidases. This study recommends the possible applicability of this peptidase for elimination of immunotoxic gliadin peptides and may prove useful in CD treatment.
Celiac Disease (CeD) is a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy caused by the ingestion of dietary gluten proteins in genetically susceptible individuals. CeD is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, affecting around 1.4% of the population globally. To date, the only acceptable treatment for CeD is strict, lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, in some cases, GFD does not alter gluten-induced symptoms. In addition, strict adherence to a GFD reduces patients’ quality of life and is often a socio-economic burden. This narrative review offers an interdisciplinary overview of CeD pathomechanism and the limitations of GFD, focusing on current research on possible dietary interventions. It concentrates on the recent research on the degradation of gluten through enzymes, the modulation of the microbiome, and the different types of “biotics” strategies, from probiotics to the less explored “viromebiotics” as possible beneficial complementary interventions for CeD management. The final aim is to set the context for future research that may consider the role of gluten proteins and the microbiome in nutritional and non-pharmacological interventions for CeD beyond the sole use of the GFD.
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