Aim
The study intends to find out the effect of Type 2 diabetes on the sensory nerve of the upper extremity.
Method
This research includes 100 subjects, both male and female, within the age group of 40–80 years. The subjects were divided into two groups, A and B. Where Group A includes 50 subjects which diagnosed type 2 diabetic mellitus. Furthermore, Group B holds 50 normal healthy subjects investigated and normal healthy subjects without diabetes mellitus
.
Written consent was obtained from the subjects who were ready to be part of this study. Orthodromic sensory nerve conduction studies of median, ulnar, and radial nerve were assessed by using EMG diagnostic device for bilateral upper extremities in both groups. The sensory nerve conduction study included nerve conduction velocity (m/s), latency (ms), and amplitude (μV). The data analyzed using paired 't' test within the group and unpaired 't' test between two groups, using computational statistical software Graph Pad Prism. 'p' value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results
The sensory nerve amplitude of all three nerves reduced the velocity of the median & ulnar nerve was reduced and prolonged latency of ulnar nerve in type 2 diabetics as compared to the Non-diabetics group.
Conclusion
This study concluded that the type 2 diabetics group has severe sensory nerve affections of the median and ulnar nerve. The therapist should examine the upper extremity of all diabetic subjects, and hand care should be taught to the patients to prevent further complications of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Aim: To evaluate the effect of Pilates exercise on the level of fatigue, cognition and knee proprioception in elderly population (60-80 years). Study design: experimental study; randomized control trial. Method: 40 subjects both male and female of age ranging from 60-80 years (66.578 ± 4.857 in group A and 69.4 ± 5.442 in group B) were assigned in to two groups. The objective of the study was explained, and the subjects were screened based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pre-interventional and post-interventional data analysis was done for FSS, 6MWT, MoCA and KJPS error angle. Group A (Experimental group) received Pilates exercise. Group B (control group) received aerobic and strengthening exercises. Both the groups underwent exercises 3 times a week on alternate days for 6 weeks. Duration of exercise for both groups was 45-60 minutes. Results: Both the groups showed clinically and statistically significant improvement in FSS (p<0.0001 in both groups) 6MWT (p<0.0001 in both groups), MoCA (p<0.001 in both groups) and KJPS scores (p<0.0002 in group A and p<0.0001 in group B) at the end of 6 weeks of treatment. There was no significant difference between the groups for FSS (p=0.7226), 6MWT (p=0.813), MoCA (p=0.416) and KJPS (p=0.6213). Conclusion: A significant improvement were observed in both the groups; which concluded that both the groups are equally effective in improvement of FSS, 6MWT, MoCA and KJPS scores. KEY WORDS: Pilates exercise, elderly population, fatigue, cognition, knee proprioception.
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