Risk of type 1 diabetes at 3 years is high for initially multiple and single Ab+ IT and multiple Ab+ NT. Genetic predisposition, age, and male sex are significant risk factors for development of Ab+ in twins.
BACKGROUNDThe term leucorrhoea is restricted to those conditions when normal vaginal secretion is increased in amount without increase of leucocytes. Purulent discharge is due to specific infections such as gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, moniliasis and ulcerated growths of cervix and vagina. The white discharge may be physiological or pathological. This physiological white discharge occurs at puberty, ovulation, premenstrual period and pregnancy. During puberty and pregnancy, the increase in secretion is due to increase in vascularity and it is of temporary duration, does not need treatment.
OBJECTIVETo study the reasons for refusing IUCD services in spite of the need for temporary contraception and to counsel the client into accepting it for long and short term health benefits.
BACKGROUNDIndia is a vast country, a sub-continent and majority of the population is young and is in the reproductive age group. It comprises of yet to be married group, married but want to postpone pregnancy group, wants to space next pregnancy group. Tubectomy operation, an excellent permanent birth control measure is not valid in the above groups. Their specific need is an effective , temporary and reversible contraception. With different failure rates and specific contraindications, many temporary methods do not suit them. IUCD is one temporary contraception, which fulfils maximum criteria needed by them. It is not only highly effective and temporary, but can be used as a long-term contraception too. In spite of its advantages, the acceptance is too low and various factors influence the same. Lack of awareness and fear of unknown is one area where counselling by one-to-one method is fruitful. Mass media usage and wide publicity may arouse the element of interest in the needy women leading to curiosity and a desire to know more about it by them. Counselling and service provision may bring in the necessary change in the attitudes of the clients.
Adequate spacing of pregnancy results in reduced pathology of pregnancy namely, Anaemia and its adverse consequences including blood transfusion hazards. Hypertensive diseases and its complications including life-threatening eclampsia, myocardial failure, cerebrovascular accidents, HELLP and DIC. Nutritional deficiencies. Reduced incidence of IUGR, preterm labour, chronic foetal hypoxia. Thereby leading to reduced caesarean deliveries along with operative adverse eventualities.Mother is psychologically and physically fit for the new born, financially ready and motivated for regular ANC care.The first child will have its due for full lactation, mother's undivided attention and well nourished.
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