PPR responses were found absent (<60% of Mean Reflex RMS) in patients with CLBP. Further, patients with CLBP demonstrated lower PPR amplitudes with higher peak voluntary responses compared to asymptomatic population, indicating difficulties in presetting of voluntary responses for regaining postural stability after perturbation.
Amrinder, S., Sakshi, G., & Singh, S.J. (2014). Effect of plyometric training on sand versus grass on muscle soreness and selected sport-specific performance variables in hockey players. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 9(1), pp.59-67.The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 4-week plyometric training on two different surfaces, sand and grass on muscle soreness and selected sport-specific performance variables in national level hockey players. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups-grass training group (N=20) and sand training group (N=20). After the baseline measurements of strength, endurance, balance, and agility, plyometric training was given for 4-weeks,three sessions per week. Muscle soreness was assessed at the end of each training session on a 7-point likert scale.Post-readings of strength, endurance, balance and agility were taken after the 4-week training programme. Data when compared after plyometric training revealed no significant changes between two groups (p>0.05), however players in the sand group experienced less muscle soreness (p<0.05) than grass group. There was significant improvement (p<0.05) seen in the tested variables in both groups after the training but no significant interaction was found between the two surfaces after the training. These findings suggest that short-term plyometric training on sand/non-rigid surface induces similar improvements in strength, endurance, balance and agility as on firm surface but induces significantly less muscle soreness. Hence, plyometric training on sand is viable option for coaches to enhance performance in athletes,while reducing risk of muscle soreness and damage.
AbSTrAcT:The evaluation of postural stability during quiet stance, step up and step up task with perturbation using posturography could be useful in treatment and outcome monitoring in chronic low back pain rehabilitation (CLBP)
Methods:In order to explore the physical and physiological characteristics of elite Indian football players and compare these results according to playing positions 28 current and past Indian under/22 years national players (height 1.73 ± 0.03 m; body mass 71.8 ± 2.5 kg; age 25.1 ± 1.1 years) underwent a series of anthropometric, physical and physiological assessments including skinfold assessment, isokinetic knee extensors and flexors strength, vertical jump, maximal ball kick velocity, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test, Illinois agility test, and sprint performance.Results: Positional differences influenced results. Body fat was lowest (16.0 ± 0.7%) for forwards (p < 0.01) who were also most agile. Midfielders were strongest (p < 0.01) and the most aerobically fit players (p < 0.05). Significant correlations between isometric strength and jumping performance (r = 0.37) and kicking velocity (r = 0.43) were found. Body fat was well correlated to agility (r = 0.70), dynamic knee flexion (r = 0.78) and extension (r = 0.76) strength, and maximal ball kick velocity (r = 0.42). Conclusion: Position specific characteristics appear to exist and need to be considered for training purposes. However, results suggest that currently Indian players are not meeting physical and physiological standards expected for professional international footballers.
Lactic acid removal after intense exercise is critical during athletic competition involving repetitive high-intensity activities. The purpose was to find out the effect of arm exercise on the recovery from high-intensity intermittent exercise. Ten male athletes selected based on criteria were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The subjects were made to run in the treadmill to reach theTarget Heart Rate and completed several 1min bouts of exercises with rest for 15-s in between until exhaustion. Then the subjects were assigned to either Passive rest or Active arm recovery for 10 minutes. Heart rate, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Temperature were measured before and after completed the exercise bouts and after the recovery. After the recovery in both experimental and control group showed significant improvement (p < 0.05) found in all the parameters except diastolic blood pressure and Axillary temperature in both groups. But no significant difference (p > 0.05) found in all the parameters except that of systolic blood pressure between the groups. It is concluded that both Active arm and passive recovery are same in the efficiency of restoration of physiological parameters following intense intermittent exercise
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