We present the TOTEM open source Traffic Engineering (TE) toolbox and a set of TE methods that we have designed and/or integrated. These methods cover intra-domain and inter-domain TE, IP-based and MPLS-based TE. They are suitable for network optimisation, better routing of traffic for providing QoS, load balancing, protection and restoration in case of failure, etc. The toolbox is designed to be deployed as an on-line tool in an operational network, or used off-line as an optimisation tool or as a traffic engineering simulator. q
The effectiveness of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) depends on their ability to collect contextual data from various sources and appropriately generate and transport comprehensible, reliable and timely content to users. In such applications, the exchanged content is structured in space and time. Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks are the natural choice these applications due to their fault-tolerance, selforganization and scalability properties. However, a closer analysis of the available Distributed Hash Tables (DHT) protocols shows that the structure of the data gets lost and its short liveness leads to high signalling traffic.In this work we propose a novel overlay network of so called Space Containers for storing, accessing, manipulating and structuring dynamic geo-located content. The benefits of combining Space Containers and DHT are: clean application programming logic and efficient content retrieval while preserving the properties of DHTs.We describe the system architecture applied to a transportation scenario and show preliminary evaluation results.
Two trends will help to ensure resilient electricity supply in Smart Cities: a) the ongoing deployment of Smart Grid technology and b) the adoption of distributed energy resources.Unfortunately, the increased reliance on ICT in the Smart Grid will expose new threats that could result in incidents that might affect urban electricity distribution networks by causing power outages. Diverse specialists will need to cooperate to address these threats. This position paper outlines a methodology for establishing a collaborative framework that supports the definition of response strategies to threats. We consider the ongoing evolution of the electricity grids and the threats emerging while the grid evolves. After outlining possible scenarios of urban grid development, we highlight several threats and the strategies of attackers. Finally, we introduce a framework that aims to foster the collaboration of stakeholders involved in city resilience planning taking into account grid vulnerability and criticality from a city's perspective.I.
In this work we address the efficient operation of public charging stations. Matching energy supply and demand requires an interdisciplinary understanding of both the mobility of electric vehicle (EV) users and the load balancing mechanisms. As a result of existing mobility studies, we propose in this work a routing service for searching and reserving public charging spots in the neighborhood of a given destination. When comparing the search results for direct drive with those for a multimodal route (using driving, walking and public transport) in an urban environment, we obtain for the latter significantly more charging options in particular at low e-mobility penetration levels, at a cost of slightly longer trip duration. Further contributions address the schedule optimization, that, due to the proposed distributed architecture, can be performed independently at each public charging station. We formulate an integer program for the controlled charging and compare results obtained both with the exact and with a greedy heuristic method.
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