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Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains the most lethal gynecological cancer in developed countries, indicating the need for further research. Although current cancer models prove useful, they have major limitations. Organoids, a novel in vitro 3D cell culture technique, derived from stem cells, could provide a bridge between the current preclinical platforms. However, this technique is still in its early stages. After conducting a systematic literature search, only sixteen manuscripts concerning ovarian related organoids could be retrieved.In this review, we discuss current tumor models, including organoids and provide a comprehensive review about organoids of ovarian tissue. Potential future applications are addressed, proving organoids to be an interesting platform for modeling tumorigenesis, drug testing and screening and other applications. Recent advancements could usher in a new era of highly personalized medicine in EOC.

The effect of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Alpha variant (also known as B.1.1.7 lineage, 20I/501Y.V1, the UK variant or VOC 202012/01) infection on pregnancy is currently unknown.We present a case of a 37-year-old woman admitted to our tertiary hospital at a gestational age of 29 weeks and 1 day because of oligohydramnios with reduced fetal movements for 10 days. About 20 days before admission, she tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant. The following day, due to abnormal cardiotocography, increased brain sparing, and absent end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery, an urgent cesarean section was performed. The neonate had an uneventful admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. All neonatal samples proved negative for SARS-CoV-2.Pathological examination of the placenta revealed intervillous fibrin deposition, ischemic necrosis of villi and histiocytic intervillositis, corresponding with the SARS-CoV-2 placentitis triad. The placental tissue demonstrated a high viral load, possibly explaining the acute onset of placental insufficiently and subsequent fetal distress. This case demonstrates the importance of seeking medical care when experiencing reduced fetal movement in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients since acute infection can induce significant placental and subsequent fetal pathology.

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Background: Economic data and the clinical impact of introducing robotic-assisted hysterectomy in a European setting are scarce with conflicting findings. Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, the cost and complication rate of the different approaches of hysterectomy are investigated, both benign and (pre)malignant indications were included.Results: 844 patients were included: 323 (38.3%) patients underwent roboticassisted hysterectomy (RAH), 317 (37.5%) total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), and 204 (24.2%) total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). TAH dropped from 67.2% to 25.5% of procedures, whilst RAH rose to 41.8% of cases. The total hospitalisation cost was for RAH €5208.39 (�€916.91), for TAH €5846.61 (�€4464.37) and for TLH €3790.06 (�€1267.05). The postoperative complication rate of TAH (9.1%) was significantly higher in comparison with TLH and RAH (5.4% and 3.1%, respectively, p = 0.005).Conclusions: RAH has replaced TAH in most cases, especially for large uteri, earlystage endometrial cancer and in selected endometriosis cases, resulting in reduced morbidity with lower hospitalisation costs. The indications for TLH remained, including menorrhagia, adenomyosis and persistent cervical dysplasia.

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