Due to their excellent photoemissive properties, especially low thermal emittance and high sensitivity in the green wavelength, multi-alkali antimonide photocathodes, in particular, cesium–potassium–antimonide, emerged as prominent photoemissive materials for the electron sources of high-repetition-rate FEL applications. To explore its feasibility of operating in a high-gradient RF gun, DESY collaborated with INFN LASA to develop multi-alkali photocathode materials. In this report, we describe the recipe of K-Cs-Sb photocathodes, which were grown on a Mo substrate by varying the foundational Sb layer thickness using sequential deposition techniques. This report also illustrates the information regarding the film thickness, substrate temperature, deposition rate, and its possible effects on the photocathode’s properties. In addition, the influence of temperature on the cathode degradation is also summarized. Furthermore, in the framework of density functional theory (DFT), we investigated the electronic and optical properties of the K₂CsSb material. The optical properties, such as dielectric function, reflectivity, refracting index, and extinction coefficient, were evaluated. The correlation between the calculated and measured optical properties, such as reflectivity, provides a better and more efficient strategy to rationalize and understand the photoemissive material’s properties.

Purpose This study aims to explore the mediating effect of the top-performing environmental, sustainability and governance (ESG) company’s corporate reputation and sustainability practices in translating corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices into competitive performance in an emerging economy like India. Design/methodology/approach The hypotheses proposed for this study were validated using partial least squares-based structural equation modeling on data obtained from the chief financial officers of the 122 top-performing ESG companies in India using a self-administered questionnaire. Findings According to the findings of this research, the relationship between CSR practices and the competitive performance of the top-performing ESG companies in India is partially mediated by corporate reputation and sustainability practices. Originality/value The findings of this study indicate that the corporate reputation of a company and sustainability measures accepted by an organization can improve an organization’s competitive position. Because there has been so little research done on India, this study has the potential to be regarded as a pioneering effort. It can provide a foundation for businesses operating in India to improve their competitive advantage by emphasizing their corporate reputation and sustainable business practices in addition to the CSR activities undertaken.