The World Health Organization (WHO) has cautioned on specific respiratory symptoms for suspecting an individual of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Meanwhile, many suspects are reporting dysfunctions of smell and taste. This study aimed to investigate the percentage of positive COVID-19 who had associated loss of sensation as detected by psychophysical testing. Eight hundred and thirty two suspects were enrolled. At the time of sampling for testing COVID-19 status, olfactory dysfunction (OD) and gustatory dysfunction (GD) tested using odorants like coffee and camphor and solutions of sweet and salty solvants, respectively. The strength of the association between test results of these sensory losses and COVID-19 positivity was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. The responses in positive and negative individuals presented as age-adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI. Seventy six (9.1%) [95% CI: 7.4%-11.3%] of 832 suspects were tested positive for COVID-19. Paediatric cases of age between 2 and 10 years could not reply appropriately, hence OD in 134 and GD in 118 could not be tested. Anosmia or hyposmia was present in 62 (81.6%) and ageusia in 64 (84.2%) of the total 76 confirmed cases. The OD and GD dysfunctions were significantly higher among confirmed COVID-19 cases compared to negative subjects [ Adj OR (95% CI): Smell 3.22 (1.77-5.88); taste 3.05 (1.61-5.76), p \ 0.001]. In this study, testing of smell and taste dysfunctions had higher sensitivity in identifying recent-onset loss of sensations in COVID-19 cases. Hence, it may be used as a simple and cost-effective screening test.
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Hearing is necessary to learn language, speech and to develop cognitive skills. Hearing helps in developing child to learn, recognize sounds, identify objects, events and internalize concepts. Effects of hearing loss on the development of child’s ability to learn, to communicate and to socialize can be devastating. The study is planned with the aim to study clinical profile of deaf mute children and to identify ‘socio-demographic’ and ‘health’ profile of deaf mute children. This study shows distribution of various socio-demographic factors in deaf mute children and to study their clinical profile. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The present cross sectional descriptive study was conducted at OPD of ENT department, Government Medical College and Hospital, Akola, Maharashtra. Study was carried out for a period of two months, it’s included Deaf mute children from 2-12 years of age. 50 subjects were reported over the study of 2 months. For data collection demographic parameters, complete birth history including prenatal, perinatal and postnatal history was noted. Thorough clinical examination was carried out with special attention to branchial arch system. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">There were 70% males compared to 30% females. Male: female ratio was 2.33: 1. Pneumonia (10%) and hyperbilirubinemia (10%) was the commonest health problem. In the study deafness were attributed to 38% genetic causes, 28% Non-genetic and idiopathic in 34% of children. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The age at detection of hearing loss is 0-2 yrs age at which if rehabilitation is done can benefit the child to the maximum. Delayed diagnosis of hearing loss can be explained on basis of community practices of neglecting delayed speech, lack of social awareness and partly due to absence of any active health surveillance in this aspect. Multistep protocol for hearing assessment and parental awareness about facilities of rehabilitation and accessibility of services should be emphasized.</span></p>
The primary goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of oral involvement and, secondarily, the likely variables in patients with confirmed COVID-19 accompanied by mucormycosis infection. The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive sort that was performed at a tertiary centre. The non-probability convenience sampling approach was used to determine the sample size. Between May 2021 and July 2021, all patients who presented to our tertiary care centre with suspected mucormycosis were considered for the investigation. The research only included individuals with proven mucormycosis after COVID-19. The features of the patients, the frequency of intraoral signs/symptoms, and the possible variables were all noted. Of the 333 COVID-19-infected patients, 47 (14%) were diagnosed with confirmed mucormycosis. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 59.7 (11.9) years. Of the 47 patients with confirmed mucormycosis, 34% showed sudden tooth mobility, 34% expressed toothache, 8.5% reported palatal eschar, 34% presented with jaw pain, 8.5% had tongue discoloration, and 17% had temporomandibular pain. About 53% of the patients were known cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus, 89% of patients had a history of hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection, 89.3% underwent oxygen support therapy, and 89.3% were administered intravenous steroids during hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection. About 14% of the suspected cases attending the mucormycosis out-patient department (OPD) had been confirmed with definite mucormycosis. Oral involvement was seen in 45% of cases of CAM (COVID-associated mucormycosis). The most frequent oral symptoms presented in CAM were sudden tooth mobility and toothache. Diabetes and steroids were the likely contributing factors associated with CAM.
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world population across the globe. India has the second largest number of cases and the third largest number of deaths due to COVID-19 in the world. There have been close to 4.4 lakh deaths due to COVID-19 in India alone. The second wave in India has led to devastating consequences, particularly among the young population. The initial clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are similar to all types of viral pneumonia, with varying degrees of severity. The cases' clinical manifestations include fever, nonproductive cough, dyspnea, myalgia, and fatigue. This study was undertaken with the purpose of identifying the relationship between the symptoms and duration in COVID-19-affected patients. The common presenting symptoms were fever (44.5%), sore throat (38.7%), and cough (36.12%). Most of the cases presented with a combination of fever with cough (35%) and fever with sore throat (33%). The duration of symptoms varied from one to 17 days with a mean of 5.75 days. Despite vaccination being started, the risk of the imminent third wave in the country is existential. Mutations in the coronavirus pose a threat to the vulnerable population. It is important to identify the combination of symptoms most predictive of COVID-19 to help guide recommendations for self-isolation, testing, and preventing further spread of the disease. Further studies using these models can yield better results in surveillance and containing this infectious disease.
Background and objectivesPeople with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have had a wide range of symptoms reported such as fever or chills, cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, fatigue, muscle or body aches, headache, a new loss of taste or smell, sore throat, congestion or runny nose, nausea or vomiting and diarrhea. The severity of disease, mortality, symptoms of COVID-19 showed significant variation in different parts of the world. The purpose of this study was to describe epidemiological characteristics and symptoms of confirmed COVID-19 patients and to identify factors associated with the severity of the disease. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on hospitalized COVID-19 patients from May 2020 to July 2020. We obtained data on the demographic characteristics, symptoms, and infection severity for 150 patients by pre-tested semi-structured interview. Information was recorded in a Microsoft Excel sheet and exported to SPSS Statistics (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) for analysis. ResultsThe median age of the patients was 31.5 years, where 42% of the patients were female; 52.7% of patients were symptomatic while 47.3% of patients were asymptomatic. Common symptoms at the time of admission were fever (40.5%), sore throat (36.7%), cough (32.9%), rhinitis (19.0%), and body ache (13.9%). At least one comorbidity was reported in 20.0% of the patients, with the most common comorbidity being hypertension (14.7%). History of contact with known confirmed cases of COVID-19 within the last 14 days was present in 94% of patients. The presence of any coexisting illness was significantly higher among patients with severe disease than among those with non-severe disease (80% vs. 17.9%, p=0.012). ConclusionsHigh proportions of COVID-19 patients were asymptomatic in our study. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms. The presence of any coexisting illness was significantly higher among patients with severe disease than among those with a non-severe disease.
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