Burning of crop residues aggravates already existing pollution caused by coal‐based thermal power plants in most of the developing countries such as India. Crop residue consists mainly of organic compounds and can be efficiently utilized to produce biogas in a sustainable way through anaerobic digestion. This study proposes a microgrid (MG) system for the effective utilization of available renewable resources and reliable rural electrification. The detailed techno‐economic analysis of the design of a solar and biomass‐based MG system was performed. Two MG systems, namely, MG‐A having photovoltaic (PV), biomass‐based generating units, connected to an unreliable grid, and MG‐B having PV, biomass, and battery units working in the isolated mode, were designed for reliable rural electrification. Different performance‐assessment parameters such as generation responses, component cost, project feasibility, emissions, inflation rate, and fuel prices were taken into account during the investigation. This study concludes that a grid‐connected MG system is more capable of providing reliable electricity with reduced energy costs than an islanded MG system. In addition, the proposed MG power system helps to mitigate pollutant emission into the atmosphere by effectively utilizing the abundant biomass resources.
Monolithic catalytic converters are used to minimize the emission of air pollutants to the environment. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are seen to be released in considerable amounts from these catalytic converters during the warm-up period. In this paper, the conversion of a slow oxidizing volatile organic compound (VOC) methane is analysed with numerical simulation using a noble metal catalyst (Pt/δ-Al2O3) and metal oxide catalyst CuO/δ-Al2O3. The transient, one-dimensional monolith model is developed using gas-phase energy balance, solid-phase energy balance, and gas-phase mass balance. The unsteady state analysis consists of a system of partial differential equations (PDEs). These equations are solved using an Implicit Scheme with the help of Matlab software. The conversion of methane is analysed with reaction temperature for both Pt/δ-Al2O3 catalyst and CuO/δ-Al2O3 catalyst. Also, the effect of the ageing of catalysts on catalytic converter performance was analysed.
The one-dimensional models for catalytic converters are used to account for the reduction of pollutants like hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO). The proposed model considers both gaseous as well as solid phase reactions of only one gas propylene that could possibly be occurring in the converter channels. Metal substrates were considered, as the better heat conducting solid material. The Runge-Kutta method and backward implicit schemes were employed to solve the coupled ordinary and partial differential equations.
In this study numerical solutions are obtained using quasi steady state and unsteady state conditions to predict the reduction in concentrations of polluting hydrocarbons. Before their release to the atmosphere these gases undergo catalytic after-treatment in a converter, causing a decrease in their concentrations. Both homogenous as well as heterogeneous reactions are considered for hydrocarbons propylene and propane. Quasi steady and unsteady state models are developed to simulate heat and mass transfer between the exhaust gas and the catalyst surface, convective heat and mass transport, chemical reactions and the related heat release along with heat conduction in the substrate.
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