PurposeAccording to architectural research, modifying environmental features has the potential to create an appropriate sensory environment for autistic children. Considering the design of public environments, it is difficult to accommodate the diverse requirements of each autistic child. The main objective of this paper is to find out the most prevalent architectural strategies and to prioritise them for the design of the public spaces addressing autistic children's needs.Design/methodology/approachThis research is designed in two stages: (1) descriptive approach in which architectural strategies are extracted from theories on autism design to determine a theoretical test module; and (2) quantitative approach in which the frequency of gained strategies are studied in two groups of references: general references and key references (i.e. most cited and well-reputed researchers in autism architecture) while universal design strategies and the timeline of each strategy is considered for the conclusion.FindingsThe following strategies were highly significant: (1) acoustical control, (2) visual control, (3) legibility, (4) safety and security, (5) predictable spaces. Acoustic was frequently considered in both control and general groups while it was highlighted in timeline study and universal design strategies.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation is that these strategies have been prioritised according to their frequency in some limited articles and a control group including the pioneer of autism design researchers while verifying these strategies may not be strong enough. Likewise, the conclusion related to these data cannot be accurate enough. Establishing a case study survey that provides an opportunity to test all these strategies directly on a majority of autistic children and measure their prevalence is advised. Finally, it should be considered that although the five mentioned strategies are all the most prevalent strategies among autistic children, as each autistic child differs from others, generalising the conclusion for all the public area would be impossible, as though we need to study it for each group of them.Originality/valueSeeking to improve the strategies' prioritisation as determined by previous researchers, this article aims to define the most essential strategies categories in this field to eliminate the confusion of researchers and designers.
In this review article, we aim to depict how healthcare facilities may look in the near future from an architectural design point of view. For this purpose, we review newly introduced technology and medical advances in the field of healthcare, such as artificial intelligence (AI), robotic surgery, 3D printing, and information technology (IT), and suggest how those advances may affect the architectural design of future healthcare facilities. In future hospitals, less space will be required; there will be no need for waiting areas. Most care will be given far from the hospital. Every human might have a computer chip attached to his body, with all his medical data ready and monitored by AI. In the future, all processes may be done by robots and AI, from reception to detection (radiology, scans, etc.). Nearly all surgery will be done by robots, so the architectural design of operation departments will need to be changed accordingly. AI is faster and better in disease detection than man; thus, there will be no need for laboratories or detection departments as we know them now. 3D printers are able to print almost everything from medical equipment to parts of the human body; thus, space will be needed for scanning and 3D printing in future hospitals. 3D printers might change the pharmaceutical industries, and drugs will be produced for any human individually.
Abstract-This article will present a scheduling algorithm for increasing the quality of the distributed system by using genetic algorithm. The proposed algorithm OQSG is more efficient in comparison with the previous algorithms. This proposed algorithm can be reliable like the other algorithms, regarding the effective parameters used for the available scheduling. OQSG algorithm can create more efficient parameters by using the priority function that is more reliable by using the scheduling the most used works. The proposed algorithm can use the least possible time in comparison with the previous algorithm, using new techniques in the purpose function. This condition helps us to use the effective parameters, which increase the system efficiency, after several assessment used in the heterogeneous purpose function. The proposed algorithm can have the optimum selection in processing and allocating the resources, considering maximum and minimum scheduling of works. This work is fulfilled when we decrease the complexity of time. Finally, we could create the efficiency of distributed systems with high quality according to different simulation results.
Aim This research aims to study the role of environmental parameters in encouraging Iranian mothers to have physiologic childbirth by controlling pain and labor management based on their perception. Background With the increase of cesarean sections all over the world, researchers have become more interested in the mental mechanisms which affect mothers' tendency toward cesarean sections. Studies have indicated that many environmental factors have an impact on relieving the pain and fear of laboring mothers. Methods The comparisons made here, based on the existing literature about environmental factors and mothers' perception of these factors, have led to a re-reading of this subject. Thus a research project was carried out, using a structured questionnaire for the exploratory factor analysis methodology selected. Results The results indicate that the most important environmental factors which can encourage Iranian women toward physiologic delivery are "objective quality of life of delivery room (Eigenvalue of 7.400)", "attractive environmental stimuli (Eigenvalue of 4.267)", "environmental healthcare and physical health (Eigenvalue of 3.126)", "friendly atmosphere (Eigenvalue of 2.596)", "environmental vitality (Eigenvalue of 2.375)", "environmental privacy (Eigenvalue of 1.866)" and "tangible technology (Eigenvalue of 1.689)". Conclusion Considering that these factors play a substantial role, the study of mothers' perception of childbirth spaces is necessary. Promoting the environmental quality of the delivery room and using architectural solutions such as interior design and the general configuration can help mothers, husbands and medical staff better manage childbirth and thus have a positive impact on the rates of physiologic delivery.
PurposeAlthough some architects have found spatial order and proportion strategy effective in designing the environment for autistic children, it is not clear what spatial ratios are preferred for autistic people. Therefore, this study aims to find the desired ratio among autistic and non-autistic children.Design/methodology/approachThe scale model questionnaire was chosen to determine the difference in the ratio preferences for autistic and non-autistic children, whereas two access types between the space zones are also considered. The questionnaire was administered to 50 autistic children, with a half-and-half distribution of moderate and mild autism groups, while males are twofold. It was also administered to 50 non-autistic children, approximately equal in terms of gender division. The scale model was designed in the form of a dollhouse to be played with a doll in 6 varied rooms categorized by 3 different ratios (1:1, golden ratio, 1.6:1 and 5:2) and 2 access types (linear and radial access) to measure how many times each room was selected by each group to run numerical analysis.FindingsIt was shown that, although the golden ratio has been previously considered in space design for autistic children, they appealed to the ratio of 2:5 with high frequency. While there is a significant difference between the spatial ratios preferred by autistic and non-autistic children choosing the golden ratio, the same type of space access system is preferred by both groups in their results.Originality/valueDespite the prevalent use of the golden ratio in design for autism design, this research shaped an empirical study for autistic users concluding a different perspective in design for autism.
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