Objective: To determine a cut-off value of Chest CT severity score (CT-SS) in order to discriminate between the clinical types of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Objective: To determine the morphological variations and location of pterion in Pakistani male population. Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Radiology, Shifa International Hospital from December 2018 to June 2019. The sample size was calculated by Open Epi web-based calculator. Fifty-three cranial CT scans with slice thickness of 0.5mm; consecutive scans of males were randomly selected. The patients with no craniofacial fracture and ages from 25 to 45 years were included. The dataset was obtained from Toshiba Aquilion One, 360-slice MDCT. The images were imported into the imaging software PACS (WFM), and analyzed in maximum intensity projection mode with three dimensional multiplanar reconstruction viewers. Measurements were taken in lateral projections of skull in Frankfurt plane, as horizontal and vertical distance from the posterolateral margin of frontozygomatic suture to center of pterion. Vertical distance from the superior border of zygomaticotemporal arch to the center of pterion. The morphological types were also recognized. Results: The type of pterion on right side was 94.3% sphenoparietal 5.6% epipteric whereas left side was (90.5%) sphenoparietal (3.7%) epipteric, (3.7%) stellate type, (1.8%) frontotemporal type. The mean horizontal and vertical frontozygomatic measurements on right side were 2.23±0.22cm and 1.25±0.219 cm respectively. The same measurements on the left side were 2.27-±0.25 cm and 1.226-±0.22 cm respectively. The mean zygomaticotemporal measurements on the right and left sides were 3.45±0.29cm and 3.44±0.25 cm respectively. The mean distance on right and left side of skull was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The study provides useful data for position and location of pterion for safe neurosurgical procedures via pterion. Moreover, the knowledge about different morphological types of pterion help the radiologist to differentiate between a fracture line and normal morphological variety. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.2003 How to cite this:Rafi A, Sayeed S, Anwar MI. Cranial CT scan evaluation of morphological variations and location of pterion in Pakistani male population for lateral neurosurgical approach. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.2003 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Colitis cystica profunda (CCP) is a rare benign disease characterised by mucin-filled cysts beneath the muscularis mucosae, which commonly involves the rectum and sigmoid colon. The disease process involving rectum is termed as proctitis cystica profunda. Trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are an aid to diagnosis. However, histological analysis of deep biopsy is diagnostic. We report a case of 21-year male who presented with bleeding per rectum and was diagnosed as solitary ulcer of the rectum (SRUS) on superficial biopsies on sigmoidoscopy. Surgical intervention coupled with MRI findings and histopathological analysis formulated diagnosis of CCP. To our knowledge, we are second to report this entity with its MRI features.

Synovitis Acne Pustulosis Hyperostosis Osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome refers to a rare entity expressed by a combination of dermatological and osteoarticular manifestations. We report a case of this unique syndrome initially diagnosed as "Sweet's syndrome" due to more or less similar features. The patient is also a diagnosed case of ulcerative colitis, a rare association with SAPHO syndrome. The clinical picture, laboratory findings and most of all radiological features, ultimately directed us towards the final diagnosis. The purpose of this case report is to raise awareness regarding this unusual syndrome, its clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiological findings, so that proper management can be carried out in time.

Background Breast metastasis in hematological malignancies is a rare phenomenon, and it is primarily seen in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), this condition is even rarer. Case presentation. We present a case of a precursor B cell ALL involving breast in a 40-year-old female and its imaging features on mammography and ultrasound. Histopathology of core needle biopsy (CNB) specimen allowed us to diagnose ALL with extramedullary metastases. The patient was referred to oncology for further management. Conclusion To conclude, ALL infiltrating breast is rare but should be given due consideration, especially in the cases of known primary hematopoietic malignancy, particularly in patients presenting with a history of sudden lumps in the breast. A CNB can give reliable results in combination with flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry, circumventing the need for an excisional biopsy and allowing the commencement of early treatment.