NA Laryngoscope, 2018.

Objectives: To describe our center's experience with the identification and treatment of retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction (R-CPD), a syndrome involving the inability to belch previously described by only one institution. Additionally, because all patients initially learned of their condition and sought treatment as a result of social media posts, we queried their source and comfort with this form of medical referral.Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients who underwent botulism toxin injection into the cricopharyngeus muscle for treatment of R-CPD from 2019 to 2022. Demographic data, most common symptoms at presentation, and response to treatment and complications were documented. Post-treatment questionnaires were reviewed.Results: A total of 85 patients were identified. Mean age at surgery was 27 years. There were 54 (63.5%) females and 31 (36.5%) males. The inability to burp (98.8%), bloating (92.9%), gurgling noises (31.8%), and excessive flatulence (21.2%) were the most common symptoms. The minimum units of botox utilized were 25, whereas the maximum was 100. The majority of patients (88.2%) had a successful response at initial follow-up visit. The most common complication was mild dysphagia (30.6%), which was transient for all patients. Most patients learned of our practice through social media, with only one patient being referred by a medical provider.Conclusions: The majority of patients in our cohort were young and female. The inability to burp and bloating were the most common presenting symptoms. Social media was the primary source of referral. Our institution favors 80-100 units for an effective response.

Objectives Parotidectomies have become a common outpatient procedure, but their impact on postoperative complications as compared to inpatient procedures has not been evaluated in a multi‐institutional study. Study Design The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the differences in outcomes using a standardized cohort of patients undergoing outpatient or inpatient parotidectomies. Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for parotidectomies between 2005 and 2014. Univariate analyses were conducted to compare the outpatient and inpatient cohorts. A propensity‐matching algorithm was used to ensure equal distribution of demographics and preoperative comorbidities. Results Among the 4,368 parotidectomies examined, 2,915 (66.7%) were outpatient and 1,453 (33.3%) were inpatient. In the unmatched analysis, the inpatient group had higher rates of smokers (P = < 0.001), hypertension (P = 0.003), and disseminated cancer (P = 0.014). The outpatient group had higher rates of patients under age 40 years (P = 0.015), females (P = 0.016), and American Society of Anesthesiology class 1 and 2 (P = < 0.001). The total work relative value units (RVUs) were 17.01 ± 3.44 for the inpatient cohort and 16.19 ± 3.70 for the outpatient cohort (P = < 0.001). Following propensity matching, 1,352 cases were selected for each cohort, with no significant differences in comorbidities. Total work RVU after matching was 16.90 ± 3.47 for the inpatient group and 16.75 ± 3.44 for the outpatient group (P = .235). The matched inpatient cohort had increased rates of surgical complications (3.1% vs. 1.8%, P = 0.033), pneumonia (0.5% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.016), and overall complications (4.5% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.009). Conclusion Outpatient parotidectomies are associated with similar as well as decreased complication rates as compared to inpatient parotidectomies. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 129:655–661, 2019

4. Laryngoscope, 1-6, 2018.

IMPORTANCE Understanding the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative risk factors of reoperation is the optimal way to approach decreasing its incidence. OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors of unplanned reoperation following major operations of the head and neck. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective cohort study queried the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database and identified 2475 cases of major operations of the head and neck performed between 2005 and 2014. Specific operations analyzed were glossectomy, mandibulectomy, laryngectomy, and pharyngectomy. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with or without unplanned reoperation. Data were analyzed between September and November 2017. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was incidence of unplanned reoperation in patients with major operations in the head and neck region. An additional aim was to assess the risk factors associated with an increased likelihood of reoperation. RESULTS In total, 1941 patients were included in this study (1298 [66.9%] males), with most patients (961 [49.5%]) between 61 and 80 years of age. The overall unplanned reoperation rate within 30 days after the principal operative procedure was 14.2% (275 patients). The operative procedure with the highest reoperation rate was pharyngectomy (8 of 46 [17.4%]), followed by glossectomy (95 of 632 [15.0%]), laryngectomy (53 of 399 [13.3%]), and mandibulectomy (25 of 240 [10.4%]). Among the unplanned reoperation patients, 516 patients (76.8%) underwent reoperation during their initial hospital admission and 156 patients (23.2%) after readmission. The mean (SD) number of days from the principal operative procedure to unplanned reoperation was 8.5 (3.6) days for initial-admission reoperations and 16.0 (4.8) days for readmission reoperations. The most common unplanned reoperation procedures overall included repair, surgical exploration, and revision procedures on arteries and veins (47 of 2475 [1.9%]), incision procedures on the soft tissue of the neck and thorax (37 of 1941 [1.9%]), and incision and drainage procedures on the skin, subcutaneous, and accessory structures (21 of 1941 [1.1%]). Multivariate analysis results indicated that the independent risk factors for unplanned reoperation following a major cancer operation of the head or neck included black race (odds ratio [OR], 1.72; 95% CI, 1.09-2.74), disseminated cancer (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.14-3.00), greater total operation time (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.49-2.82), superficial (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.55-4.24) or deep (OR, 4.83; 95% CI, 2.60-8.95) surgical site infection, wound dehiscence (OR, 8.36; 95% CI, 5.10-13.69), and ventilator dependence up to 48 hours after surgery (OR, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.79-4.87). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The identification of a significant association of black race, disseminated cancer, total operation time, surgical site infection in either the superficial or deep spaces, wou...