Background Although active research is in progress in the fields of psychology and linguistics on the emotional characteristics of the symbol and meaning of sound itself, since the systematic emotional model is not applied, each researcher uses a subjective concept and acts as an obstacle to the expansion of research. There is a limitation in that it cannot be confirmed whether the sound symbol has universality regardless of cultural differences between different languages. Methods In this study, the difference between the arousal and valence of emotions felt toward Hangul phonemes was explored according to consonant and vowel through comparison between Korean and Chinese women. 38 Korean women and 32 Chinese women were recruited, and an online experiment was conducted in which arousal and valence were reported for 42 Hangeul phoneme sound stimuli. Results As a result of comparing the arousal and valence of each group, Koreans showed significantly higher arousal scores than Chinese, and these results showed different differences according to consonant and vowel. In valence, there was a difference between nationalities only according to consonant indicating that Koreans showed lower positivity toward aspirated sounds than Chinese. Through these results, it was confirmed that the emotional meaning of the sound symbol between different languages is different, which can be affected by consonant and vowels. Conclusion This study identified differences in emotional perception between cultures by using two dimensions of emotions, arousal, and valence, which are systematized for sound symbols, and suggests implications for the relationship between sound symbol and emotions and cultural differences in the future.
The weapon focus effect is defined as eyewitnesses focus more on weapons than other details(e.g., perpetrator) of the crime scene which cause memory bias. The present study investigated how the presence of a weapon affects the visual attention and memory of the eyewitness. Participants were randomized within two groups: the weapon focus effect condition(WC) and the novelty condition(NC). The participants' visual attention pattern(dwell time) was measured while participants were observing the interaction between the two individuals(clerk and customer) at the mock crime slide show. At the end of the experiment, the participants were asked about what they saw on the slide show. As a result, it was confirmed that the weapon condition showed a different attention pattern from those in the non-weapon condition. Overall, both groups were found to spend more time on target objects(knife/cashier's check), but WC participants spent longer time on clerks when weapons were presented than NC participants. On the other hand, in both groups, there was no difference in memory. This study provided evidence for the visual attention patterns of eyewitnesses at simulated crime scenes with weapons.
The body swapping illusion is a perceptual phenomenon in which one perceives a virtual (or another) body as being one’s own. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mental rehearsal on the generation of the body swapping illusion. Participants were 58 male undergraduate students. Participants were randomly assigned to either the physical rehearsal (n=20), mental rehearsal (n=18), or control condition (n=20). There were no significant differences in state and trait anxiety, simulator sickness, or immersive tendencies between groups, but there were significant differences in the body swapping illusion and a sense of presence between conditions. Subsequent post-hoc analyses revealed that the body swapping illusion was significantly greater in the physical and mental rehearsal conditions than the control condition, and the sense of presence was significantly greater in the physical rehearsal than in the control condition. In conclusion, we found that mental rehearsal exerted similar effects as physical rehearsal ingenerating the illusion of body swapping. This suggests that generating the illusion of body swapping through mental rehearsal may be applicable in clinical settings.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.