Pineapple Leaf Fibre (PALF) is one of the natural fibres that have high potential in the industry. Natural fibres have become the main alternative source for reinforced polymer composites. The objective of this study is to observe the effect of chemical treatments using Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution, Zinc chloride, Acetic Anhydride and Nitric acid on the mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. The tensile test was conducted by using the ASTM D638-10 to obtain the tensile strength (TS) and Young's modulus (YM), Flexural properties were conducted to determine the flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM) of the reinforced composites using the ASTM D256-10 method, and impact test was conducted to determine the impact strength (IS) of the reinforced composites using the Izod ASTM D790-17 method. From the results obtained, the composites with surface modified PALF fillers show enhanced mechanical properties over the untreated PALF fillers in this order; for TS untreated composite < modified with NaOH < modified with C 3 H 6 O 3 < modified with ZnCl < modified with HNO 3. For YM untreated composite < modified with HNO 3 < modified with C 3 H 6 O 3 < modified with NaOH < modified with ZnCl. For FS, untreated PALF/PP composites < modified with NaOH < modified with ZnCl < modified with HNO 3 < modified with C 3 H 6 O 3. For FM, untreated reinforced PALF/PP composites < modified with NaOH < modified with ZnCl < modified with C 3 H 6 O 3 < modified with HNO 3. For IS, the untreated reinforced PALF/PP composites < modified with NaOH < modified with HNO 3 < modified with ZnCl < modified with C 3 H 6 O 3. SEM analysis was carried out on the PALF before the compounding to analyze the effect of the surface modification agents.
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR) are used ubiquitously in chemical process industry for mixing, reactions and crystallizations. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of solute concentration (sodium chloride) on the stirrer speed in a CSTR. The experimental method used in this research is the stop watch and beaker method. The behavior pattern of the fluid in a CSTR can be experimentally verified as an alternative to the mathematical model. The tracer experiments were carried out. The effect of different parameters such as stirring speed, concentration at a steady time interval was analyzed. Experimental data obtained at 0.6 M and 160 rpm gave a curve that is in close agreement to that of theoretical or mathematical model. In other words, the results obtained at a concentration of 0.6 M and 160 rpm are in close agreement with that of early researchers. The paper is divided into five main sections: the first section immediately after the abstract is the introductory section that is basically a review of literature; the second section takes care of the materials and methods; the third section is the experimental procedure and this section takes the shutdown procedure and data processing into consideration; the fourth section is the discussion of experimental results and the last section is the conclusion of the paper.
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