Background:The presence of B cells in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with longer survival, however, the role these cells play in the generation and maintenance of anti-tumor immunity is unclear. B cells differentiate into a variety of subsets with differing characteristics and functions. To date, there is limited information on the specific B cell subsets found within NSCLC. To better understand the composition of the B cell populations found in NSCLC we have begun characterizing B cells in lung tumors and have detected a population of B cells that are CD79A . Association of double-negative B cells with clinical data including gender, age, smoking status, tumor diagnosis and pathologic differentiation status were also examined using the logistic regression analysis for age and student's t-test for all other variables. Associations with other B cell subpopulations were examined using Spearman's rank correlation. Results:We observed that double-negative B cells were frequently abundant in lung tumors compared to normal adjacent controls (13 out of 15 cases), and in some cases made up a substantial proportion of the total B cell compartment. The presence of double-negative cells was also found to be inversely related to the presence of affinitymatured B cells within the tumor, Spearman's coefficient of − 0.76. Conclusions:This study is the first to observe the presence of CD27 − IgD − double-negative B cells in human NSCLC and that this population is inversely correlated with traditional affinity-matured B cell populations.

In recent years, the use of VATS for lobectomy has increased relative to thoracotomy. This trend has coincided with increased survival and shorter length of stay for VATS lobectomy compared with thoracotomy. Further studies are needed to identify comorbidities that identify ideal candidates for VATS lobectomy.

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BackgroundRight ventricular failure is a serious complication after left ventricular assist device placement.Case PresentationA 70-year-old male in decompensated heart failure with right ventricular failure after the placement of a left ventricular assist device. A single dual-lumen PROTEKDuo cannula was inserted percutaneously via the internal jugular vein to draw blood from the right atrium and return into the pulmonary artery using the CentriMag system, by passing the failing ventricle. The patient was successfully weaned from right ventricular assist device.ConclusionsIn comparison to two-cannula conventional procedures, this right ventrivular assist device system improves patient rehabilitation and minimizes blood loss and risk of infection, while shortening procedure time and improving clinical outcomes in right ventricular failure.

We identified patients with pleural-based histologically confirmed sarcomatoid or biphasic mesothelioma (International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd edition, code C38.4, morphology codes 9051 [fibrous/ sarcomatoid] or 9053 [biphasic]) in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) diagnosed between 2004 and 2013. Approximately 70% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases in

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Side-by-side comparison of thoracic chordoma versus extradural schwannoma. Central MessageMisdiagnosis and pitfalls in the operation for posterior mediastinal mass can be avoided with a multidisciplinary team approach.

Application of 3-dimesinonal (3D) printing technology in the field of surgery is expanding rapidly. It allows for the rapid conversion of anatomic images into physical objects that are being used across a variety of surgical specialties. Recently published reviews describe the use of 3D printing to produce bones, ears, exoskeletons, trachea, a jaw bone, eyeglasses, cell cultures, stem cells, blood vessels, vascular networks, tissues, and organs, as well as novel dosage forms and drug delivery devices. [1][2][3] The application of 3D printing in medicine can provide many benefits, including the customization and personalization of medical products, drugs, and equipment, cost-effectiveness, increased productivity, and the democratization of design and manufacturing. 4