This article traces some trends in the theory of psychoanalytic technique over the course of the twentieth century. Recently, two paradigm shifts have been identified: from the drive reduction model to the relational one and from positivism to constructivism. The two are probably not independent, but interconnected. Aspects of the metaphor of the self are examined to understand its implications for theory and practice. Changes in basic analytic tools like free association, evenly hovering attention, dealing with transference and resistance are outlined in light of changing paradigms and the theory of the self. A postmodern approach suggests that the therapist's skill is in the spirit of intellectual openness, a penetrating personal understanding, and the ability to observe one's own subjectivity along with the ability to recognize which theories and techniques are applicable to specific situations and then to use them effectively.Postmodern epistemology has become a force in the social sciences compelling us to reconsider traditional views about the nature of man and the nature knowledge. To mention two: truth relates to social consensus as much as reality and different groups of human beings create widely diverse pic-
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