Introduction:
Osteoporosis is a widespread and growing medical condition, with significant orthopaedic implications. However, the effect of osteoporosis on outcomes after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is not well understood. The goal of the present study was to characterize the incidence of osteoporosis in patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty and to examine whether patients with osteoporosis undergoing anatomic and reverse TSA are at an increased risk of prosthetic-related complications.
Methods:
Complication rates were calculated for patients with osteoporosis who underwent anatomic and reverse TSA as separate cohorts within 2 years of surgery including loosening/osteolysis, periprosthetic fracture, periprosthetic dislocation, and revision shoulder arthroplasty and compared using a multivariable logistic regression analysis to control for patient demographics and comorbidities during comparisons, including the indication for reverse TSA.
Results:
The prevalence of an osteoporosis diagnosis at the time of surgery was 14.3% for anatomic TSA patients and 26.2% of reverse TSA patients. Anatomic TSA patients with osteoporosis experienced significantly higher rates of periprosthetic fracture (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; P = 0.017) and revision shoulder arthroplasty (OR, 1.21; P = 0.009) within 2 years of surgery compared with matched controls without osteoporosis. Patients in the reverse TSA group with osteoporosis also had significantly higher rates of periprosthetic fracture (OR, 1.86; P = 0.001) and revision shoulder arthroplasty (OR, 1.42; P = 0.005) within 2 years of surgery compared with matched controls.
Discussion:
A significant number of patients undergoing both anatomic and reverse TSA have a concurrent diagnosis of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis represents a significant independent risk factor for periprosthetic fracture and revision shoulder arthroplasty within 2 years of surgery, regardless of the type of implant. Patients with osteoporosis should be counseled on their increased risk of complications after shoulder arthroplasty.
Black patients are at increased risk of post-operative DSM following surgery for IBD. The elevated rates of DSM are not explained by traditional risk factors like obesity, ASA class, emergent surgery, or stoma creation.
Objective: Osteoporosis is increasing in incidence as the ageing population continues to grow. Decreased bone mineral density poses a challenge for the spine surgeon. In patients requiring lumbar interbody fusion, differences in diagnostics and surgical approaches may be warranted. In this systematic review, the authors examine studies performing lumbar interbody fusion in patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis and suggest avenues for future study. Methods: A systematic literature review of the PubMed and MEDLINE databases was performed for studies published between 1986 and 2020. Studies evaluating diagnostics, surgical approaches, and other technical considerations were included. Results: A total of 13 articles were ultimately selected for qualitative analysis. This includes studies demonstrating the utility of Hounsfield units in diagnosis, a survey of surgical approaches, as well as exploring the use of vertebral augmentation and cortical bone screw trajectory. Conclusions: This systematic review provides a summary of preliminary findings with respect to the use of Hounsfield units as a diagnostic tool, the benefit or lack thereof with respect to minimally invasive approaches, and the question of whether or not cement augmentation or cortical bone trajectory confers benefit in osteoporotic patients undergoing lumbar interbody fusion. While the findings of these studies are promising, the current state of the literature is limited in scope and, for this reason, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn from these data. The authors highlight gaps in the literature and the need for further exploration and study of lumbar interbody fusion in the osteoporotic spine.
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