Study design: Meta-analysis of cross-sectional, quasi-experimental and experimental studies. Objective: To determine if there is an association between physical activity (PA) and subjective wellbeing (SWB) among people living with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: Literature searches were conducted using multiple databases (Embase, CINAHL, Medline, PsychINFO and SPORTDiscus) to identify studies involving people with SCI that included a measure of PA and at least one measure of SWB (for example, symptoms of depression, life satisfaction, mood). Relevant data were extracted from the studies and subjected to meta-analysis. Results: A total of 21 studies were retrieved yielding 78 effect sizes and a total sample size of 2354. Overall, there were statistically significant, small-to medium-sized effects for the relationships between PA and SWB (broadly defined), PA and depressive symptoms, and PA and life satisfaction. Studies using experimental and quasi-experimental designs yielded larger effects for SWB (broadly defined) and life satisfaction, than studies using nonexperimental study designs. Conclusions: There is a small-to medium-sized positive relationship between PA and SWB among people with SCI that holds across a wide range of measures and operational definitions of these constructs.
Study Design: Cross-sectional. Objectives: To examine patterns of participation in activities of daily living (ADL) and fitness-related factors associated with these patterns among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: Centre for Health Promotion and Rehabilitation at McMaster University, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies at Queen's University. Methods: Forty-eight participants completed the Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with Spinal Cord Injury (PARA-SCI) and a fitness test assessing cardiovascular fitness (VO 2max and peak power output (Po)). The most commonly reported ADL were extracted from the PARA-SCI data for analysis. Results: Women tended to spend more time participating in domestic and personal care ADL than men. Compared to individuals with tetraplegia, individuals with paraplegia tended to spend more time transferring, cleaning and preparing food and less time wheeling, toileting and dressing. Fitness and participation in leisure time physical activity (LTPA) were associated with certain ADL. Participants with higher levels of fitness spent more time partaking in ADL wheeling and cleaning. Moreover, greater time spent participating in moderate-and heavy-intensity LTPA was positively correlated with time spent engaged in certain ADL. Conclusion: By identifying common ADL performed by individuals with SCI, the study findings begin to provide direction for developing strategies to optimize ADL participation. Future research should examine fitness as a way to help individuals with SCI optimize their ADL participation.
Study design: This is a cross-sectional study. Objectives: To examine the associations between adiposity, secondary complications and subjective well-being (SWB) in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Results: Controlling for covariates, individuals who reported being overweight were more likely to have a history of overuse injuries and fatigue, experienced a greater impact of overuse injuries and fatigue, had greater pain and depressive symptoms, and had lower satisfaction with life than individuals who did not report being overweight. BMI was only associated with an increased likelihood of reporting spasticity. Conclusion: Self-reported overweight status was associated with an increased prevalence of certain secondary complications and lower SWB. Future prospective studies should examine whether reductions in adiposity are associated with changes in the prevalence and the impact of secondary complications and SWB.
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