Response surface methodology (RSM) has been employed to model and optimize the extraction of oil from Mentha spicata a local leaf used for several microbial and insect activities. The detailed effects of the solvents, weight of leaf (X1) and time of extraction (X2) have been studied. The interaction effects of these two (2) variables on the oil yield (X3) have been investigated using Central Composite Design of experiments. The results were analyzed using MINITAB 17 software. Soxhlet extraction method was used with three (3) different solvents hexane, ethanol and petroleum ether. Petroleum ether gave the highest yield of oil using Response Surface Methodology. The oil extract of the leaf was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry [GC-MS], about 15 components were discovered with Carvone as the most abundant [27.68%.]. The antimicrobial activities of the oil extract against some fungi and bacteria viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus Subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was evaluated. From the microbial analysis the zone of inhibitions indicated that the extract had strong activity against bacteria and fungi. Mentha spicata oil is rich in compounds with therapeutic activities and several substances of industrial interest. Carvone, Neophytadiene, methyl ester, palmitic acid and Linolenic were also discovered by the GC/MS analysis, presenting good microbial activity performance. The aim of this work was to establish the antimicrobial claim of the Mentha spicata oil extract.
“Aadun” is a Nigerian traditional maize based snack, but now poorly accepted by todays snack consumers despites its quality. To increase acceptability sensory panelist using 5 points ranking scores were asked to rank “Aadun” processed using laboratory equipment and traditional processed commercial samples purchased from Ibadan and Abeokuta with packaging materials of Leaf (Taumatoccous Danielle), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Aluminum foil (ALF) and Polystyrene plastic cup (PSC). Laboratory “aadun” packaged in different materials and the commercial samples packaged in LDPE were stored under refrigeration (4-5 0C; RH 74.85%), ambient (25-30 0C; RH 66.7%) and sunlight (30-44 0C; RH 65.81%) conditions for 6 months and at 2 weeks intervals off flavor (OF) was determined by 10 trained sensory panelists and growth of microorganism by total plate count (TPC) method. Shelf life was estimated by plotting hazard (TPC) against time on linear and quadratic regression curve and safety cut off value of 105cfu/g as limit. Results showed the highly ranked “Aadun” was Laboratory sample followed by Ibadan and Abeokuta samples and PSC ranked highest followed by ALF, HDPE, LDPE and Leaf. A longer lag period before OF and TPC increased was under Refrigeration, PSC, LDPE Laboratory and Abeokuta samples but, shorter under ambient, sunlight, leaf and LDPE Ibadan sample. Longer shelf life period was under refrigeration, PSC (42.4 weeks), LDPE laboratory (40.1 weeks), LDPE Abeokuta (33.2 weeks but shorter under ambient, sunlight, leaf (19 weeks) and LDPE Ibadan (30.5 weeks). This study shows that if modern technology and PSC packing plastic materials and storing under refrigeration conditions will improve acceptability, long storage stability and shelf life thereby, increasing production and the economy of the local women processor in Nigeria.
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