The absorption−oxidation of nitrogen oxides (NO
x
) induced by aqueous solutions of potassium
hydrogen peroxymonosulfate or oxone (2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4) in the absence and presence of
SO2 has been studied in a bubble column reactor operated in semicontinuous and continuous
countercurrent flow modes. The influence of different process variables, such as temperature
(22−55 °C), gas stream flow rate (or residence time), concentration of oxone, solution pH, feed
concentrations of NO and SO2, and the presence of O2 and CO2 in the feed stream on the
absorption−oxidation of NO were evaluated in the semibatch flow mode. The individual and
simultaneous chemistry of NO
x
and SO2 removal by peroxomonosulfate (KHSO5) is discussed.
The effects of simultaneous mass transfer and chemical reactions in the liquid phase were also
investigated with a bubble column reactor operated in the continuous countercurrent flow mode
using the theory of absorption accompanied by fast pseudo-mth-order reaction. The rate of
reaction of NO with peroxomonosulfate (HSO5
-) was found to be first order with respect to NO
and zeroth order with respect to HSO5
- (r
A = k
mn
C
NO). After considering mass transfer, the rate
of absorption of NO (mol/s·cm3) in 0.01−0.02 M HSO5
- at room temperature (23 ± 2 °C) was
determined to be R
A = P
A[1.482 × 107 + 1/aH(k
mn
D
A)0.5]-1. The results demonstrate the feasibility
of removing NO
x
and SO
x
simultaneously by low-temperature aqueous scrubbing.
The effects of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), sodium chloride (NaCl), and peroxymonosulfate or oxone (2KHSO(5).KHSO(4).K(2)SO(4) with active ingredient, HSO(5)(-)) on the sonochemical removal of nitric oxide (NO) have been studied in a bubble column reactor. The initial concentration of NO studied ranged from about 500 to 1040 ppm. NaCl in the concentration range of 0.01-0.5 M was used as the electrolyte to study the effect of ionic strength. At the low NaCl concentration (0.01 M), the percent fractional removal of NO with initial concentration of 1040 ppm was enhanced significantly, while as the NaCl concentration increased, the positive effects were less pronounced. The presence of approximately 2520 ppm SO(2) in combination with 0.01 M NaCl further enhanced NO removal. However, with a NO initial concentration of 490 ppm, the addition of NaCl was detrimental to NO removal at all NaCl concentration levels. The combinative effect of sonication and chemical oxidation using 0.005-0.05 M oxone was also studied. While the lower concentrations of HSO(5)(-) enhanced NO removal efficiency, higher concentrations were detrimental depending on the initial concentration of NO. It was also demonstrated that in the presence of ultrasound, the smallest concentration of oxone was needed to obtain optimal fractional conversion of NO.
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